How did John Dewey influence on childrens learning

How did conjuration Dewey influence on childrens informationCambodia was cognize as Khmer Kingdom, which was one of the most powerful states in South eastern Asia. (Ayres, 2000, p.1). However, Cambodia has shrunk and deteriorated since the collapse of Khmer Empire. (Duggan, 1996, p.363)The civil war has jeopardized the sociable and economic development of Cambodia. just about of the tender structures and rural infrastructures were completely destroyed during Khmer rouge, especi altogethery in the informational sector, which is one of the most important for developing the country.The direction system has changed dramatic onlyy since the French colony from 1968 to 1953, in which education started in the pagodas combined modern-made and traditional pattern a small group of children entered the French develop system. ( Duggan, 1996, p.363).Cambodia was granted full independence in 1953 (Ibid). Therefore, Prince Sihanouk was very interested in educational sector, and he decided to adopt 20 sh ar of the issue budget in order to expand the educational system in Cambodia, however, his decision was bitterly criticized by other people for not providing the educational equity, because the rural children did not receive any educational system from the Prince. He just mainly pore on the urban children. (Duggan, 1996, p.364)Lon Nol came to power in 1970, he started cambodianizing by encouraging students to participate in fighting against the subject enemy Vietnamese. Most of the students were involved in the army, so they were not subject to attend schools, and at that place were not enough teaching materials for the instructors in the classrooms.(Ayres, 2000, pp.76-80)April 17, 1975 Khmer Rouge took control of Phnom Penh and abolished all social structures and several(prenominal) schools were eradicated and others were changed into prisons, workshops, etc., Children were not allowed to study. A Ministry of procreation authentically existed, but did not work actively and there were some(prenominal) textbooks were produced to guide teachers (Ayres, 2000, pp. 109-110). Moreover, Ayres (2000) wrote that the educational crisis in Cambodia between March 1970 and April 1975 was a exercise of the material and hu bit destruction generated by a nation at war. (p.68)This research will focus on the following questions1. What are some of the current problems in education in Cambodia?2. What is the role of the teacher and methods of steering in Cambodia?3. What is John Deweys perspective on the role of the teacher and methods of schedule line?4. What contributions Deweys would be useful in developing the role of the teacher and methods of training in Cambodia?1. The current issues in education in Cambodia.The new administration was elected under(a) the supervision and support of the United Nations (UN) which assisted in running a free and fair election in Cambodia in 1993. The democracy and free market put up been exercised in Cambodia since then. The foreign investors and world(prenominal) organizations, namely the United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF), the World cuss (WB) and other Non- giving medicational Organizations (NGOs) began to work out their projects in educational sector in Cambodia. (Duggan 1996, p.362).Although there accommodate been healthy changes recently, the educational system has not reached an international goals by 2015 yet, because the rate of drop-out and repetition in primary school is relieve high. The repetition rates in primary dropped from 26.3 percent to 10.2 percent between 1998 and 2005. In addition, drop-out rates in primary school is less than in secondary school. (MoEYS, 2008, p.8)Noticeably, the quality of education service provided for both(prenominal) in primary and lower secondary levels is still in a bad condition caused by the lack of resources, poorly-trained teachers and principalspoor dictatorial system, teaching and erudition materials and irresponsibility f rom the district and provincial principals.(World Bank, 2008, p.11)Furthermore, the survey which was conducted by the CSES in 2004, found on the question What are the major problems with tuition in this village? reported that there were three main problemsThe lifespan standard of teachers which means that teachers salary is still low that cannot afford to cloud anything.Poor infrastructure because the schools are in a bad condition. For example, there are not enough chairs and tables for the students to sit and learn.The location of the schools is not refinement enough for the students to walk from their home.The collected data provided by EMIS in 2004 circumstantial that 69 percent of primary school teachers had received a degree from lower secondary school (grade 9), and there was only 7 percent of the teachers who consummate the primary school. Besides, there was 24 percent of primary teachers had unblemished the upper secondary school. (MoEYS, 2008, p. 20)Therefore, the quality of education in Cambodia needs improving. gum olibanum the Royal Government of Cambodia has expanded national budget from 0.9 percent in 1997 to 1.5 percent in 2006. (MoEYS World Bank. June 2008, p.59) .Also, the government has promised to increase salary for all teachers from 15 percent to 20 percent every year. (MoEYS World Bank June 2008, pp.59-62)2.1. The role of the teacher in CambodiaThe students learning progress is mainly based on the teachers performance in the classroom. Thus the teacher act as the model or sample for the students to acquire knowledge, and teachers must be pull to time and efforts in order to memorise and motivate students to achieve their learning objectives. Teachers have to spend more time beside the office working min to prepare lesson aims, correct homework and give a social and comradely atmosphere to the students in the classroom in order to develop their learning ability. (World Bank, 2008, p.71)2.2. The methods of instruction in C ambodiaThe traditional teaching style, was totally based on the teacher frontal and rote learning, has applied in the Kampuchean classroom for many years. But in 2005, the Ministry of Education, young and Sports (MoEYS) received the new educational theory, which has applied in European and American classrooms, The Principles of Child Friendly cultivation and exercised it Cambodia. These principles are very useful for Cambodian students because it focuses on the childs immunity, which creates a social and friendly environment for the pupils to do a variety of activities in the classrooms. Moreover, it really helps students learn things through their own experiences. (MoEYS World Bank. June, 2008, pp. 71-72)On the other hand, in 2002 the Government of Cambodia passed a new law related Early childhood Education and Care (ECCE). This law focuses on the child who aged 3 to 8. There are three categories of the programs First, the Royal Government of Cambodia is responsible for con trolling pre-school program. Second, the responsibility comes from the community and the last one is the parents responsibility.The main purpose of the program is to develop not only the childrens straits but besides the strong-arm body and the program is under the Department of Early Childhood Education, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports. (UNESCO, 2006. pp.5-6)3. What is John Deweys perspective on the role of the teacher and methods of instruction?The man who has changed the educational system from traditional style (authoritarian classroom) to modern style (democratic classroom) is John Dewey. He was known as American psychologist, philosopher, practical teacher and educational reformer, was born in Burlington, New England, Vermont in 1859 and died in 1952. He finished Bachelor degree in 1879 at Vermont University, continued his study in philosophy for a year and received PhD from Hopkins University. (Taneja. V.R. 2010, p.136). Moreover, he worked as a high school teacher at a remote areas in Pennsylvania. He was so curious in philosophy, so he started piece of music his philosophical essay called Medical physical Assumption of Materialism. (Allen. C. 2005, Track 139)Beside teaching, Dewey clear his own school University Elementary School. The most important idea of opening move this school was to continue to research and experience in new ideas and methods. The children who were under 15 years are permitted to register, andteachers must have many years experience in teaching and the classes are not big, and there are around 10 pupils provided for each teacher. This school was to engage the pupils in social experience. For example, pupils learned how to cook, sew, and weave.(Taneja, 2010, p.p.136-137)Role of the teacher of DeweyFor Dewey, the role of the teacher play vitally important role. A Deweyan teacher should be ( hike?) involved in the childs driving force and interests rather than the inculcation of knowledge (fixing ideas in mind by repet ition). Moreover, the role of the teacher is to pave the way for the students to experience the consequences in the real world. The other role is to assist the pupils in dealing with present-day(a) conditions and experiences and activities they have to confront daily. Childs license is the most significant of all. However, teachers role is to ordinate and organize it well.The teacher should be conscious(predicate) of his own responsibilities and power to instruct the children to acquire the skill and knowledge. In order to save time by not exercising chalk and talk, teacher have to observe, formulate and encourage students to learn. Deweyan teachers take a huge responsibility and big prognosis to provide the pupils with both in democratic co-operation and the higher intellectual pursuits and the fullest artistic experience. (Taneja, 2010, pp.150-152)Methods instruction of DeweyAccording to Dewey, curriculum is not based upon fixed mankind knowledge, subdivided logically into subjects, and parts of subjects. The curriculum should set up round the childs activities and not subjects. Dewey refused to offer religious and moral education through lessons, but he chose to offer the practical experience. ((Taneja, 2010. p.p.150-152)His contribution and influenceDeweys curriculum and methods of teaching have applied not only in the American classrooms but also in the worlds classroom including Cambodia. Dewey had changed the traditional education system into democratic education system by accepting child-centered, which focused attentively on the freedom of the child in the classroom.ConclusionAfter Khmer Rouge collapsed in January 7, 1979, the new government was installed by the Vietnamese government. Educational system was being restored. However, the Phnom Penh government has estimated that 75 percent of teachers, 96 percent of University students and 67 percent of all primary and secondary school students were murdered. (Beveniste, World Bank, 2008.p.8)Ayre s, (200) wrote that in 1979, education was in a severe crisis because there were no settled administrative offices no curricular, teaching materials were not enough and teaching staff is not qualified. Mr. Chan Ven was nominate as the Minister of Education, Youth and Sports with a team of Vietnamese advisers to plan the rehabilitation of Cambodian educational system. Vietnamese government started supporting both the provincial and national levels. Therefore, the Vietnamese was able to hire teachers which were virtually picked up from the streets and village pathway. ( p p.128-130)According to Duggan (1996) in Phnom Penh itself, there were three Vietnamese advisers for every Cambodian official, ten Vietnamese soldiers for every Cambodian one. (p.366)The number of schools has increased rapidly since the 1980s, however, the government of Phnom Penh still faces the big problems running decorous educational system because most of teachers are not well-trained and school curricular is n ot standardized. For instance, farmers, artisans and menial workers were chosen to teachers.Therefore, the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports and other international organizations (UNESCO, UNICEF and World Bank) have worked co-operatively to develop the educational sector in order to achieve the Cambodian Millennium Development Goals (CMDG). Moreover, in 2005 Ministry of Education developed national plan of action to reach the goals of educational for all (EFA) by 2015 to ensure that Cambodian children and youths have an equal opportunity to access education. (pp.6-8)In 2004, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports accepted a new program which is called Child Friendly Schools program focused on primary level.(Ibid) This educational theory might have been touch by the American educational reformer Dewey because his teaching methods and the role of the teacher is to facilitate and motivate the pupils to learn new things through their own freedom and experience.StatementName YIM SOPHEAK Date January 31, 2011I prepared the following assigning by myself and only with the help of the literature mentioned in the references. I did not use other literature to write my assignment. I know that plagiarism is a serious offence and I am totally aware of the negative consequences.SignatureYIM SOPHEAK