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Monday, December 30, 2019

A Rich Lifestyle In The Great Gatsby - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1066 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Great Gatsby Essay Did you like this example? Have you ever wondered what life was like back in the older days, when things appeared simpler and life was a lot happier? How everybody had these extravagant and luxurious items and were obsessed with said items. It seemed that everything was perfect: the ideal living style, fabulous items, the American Dream. However, not everything was flawless; everything and everyone had their faults. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Rich Lifestyle In The Great Gatsby" essay for you Create order The Great Gatsby explores this idea of materialism and people wanting nothing but the absolute best. This book also explores the consequences of this form of way of living. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald suggests that the American Dream is the desire to possess material things and live a lavish lifestyle, the people who pursue it are the type of people who are never satisfied, careless, and are always wanting bigger and better things, and this pursuit is ultimately heartbreaking, devastating, and deadly. F. Scott Fitzgerald and other writers that were part of the Lost Generation perceived the American Dream as the wish have several high-quality material possessions and live a fancy life. On the other hand, before the 1920s, the more traditional meaning of the American Dream was one of freedom and creating a better life. The version of the American Dream that Fitzgerald knows started to change from the original version in the 1920s due to the fact that the economy was booming, so that meant that people could now buy more expensive things. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald shows the American Dream in a negative light. He does this by means of showing that characters are never satisfied with their current situation. In order to understand this better, looking at the character Daisy Buchanan. She could be seen as the literal personification of the American Dream. There are many instances in the book where Daisy is obsessed with material things. She even cries over shirts in chapter five of the book. On page 92, it says, Theyre such beautiful shirts, she sobbed, her voice muffled in the thick folds. It makes me sad because Ive never seen such..such beautiful shirts before. People who pursued the American Dream were, more often than not, unsatisfied and constantly trying to outdo their last purchase. Jay Gatsby is one of these characters. In the novel, Gatsby exhibits traits of determination, but also a slight obsession. His determination is a positive trait, and it is shown through his unbending will to win over Daisy Buchanan, the woman he loves. It is stated in the text in chapter four that Gatsby had loved Daisy for many years and will do anything to win her back. His slight obsession is a more negative trait, while he loves Daisy it is the obsessive type. This being for the reason that he was so focused on getting Daisy back that he turned to criminal actions to gain enough wealth to accomplish his goal. He was never content until he got what he wanted. On the contrary to Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan was obsessed with living a wealthy life. In chapter seven on page 120, Gatsby even makes the remark that Daisys voice is full of money. Later in the book, it talks about how even though Daisy loves Gatsby, she chose to stay with her husband, Tom, for the money. Daisy chooses to live in wealth than in love. People who pursue the American Dream are also careless in their actions. This evident through the many examples in the book. One way Fitzgerald shows this is through the car crashes. One major and impactful car crash example is towards the end of chapter seven when Daisy hits and kills Myrtle Wilson. She was careless as she merely drove away after it happened. Gatsby was careless in a different sense. He was reckless in taking the blame for Myrtles death, because when Myrtles husband, George Wilson, found out that Gatsby was responsible for his wifes death, George murdered Gatsby. This pursuit of the American Dream, in the end, is heartbreaking, devastating, and deadly. These three things go hand in hand with one another. One event that falls into all three of these categories is the death of Jay Gatsby. His death is heartbreaking due to the audience seeing how devoted and determined Gatsby was to win Daisy over; in the end, it was all done for nothing. His death was devastating to Nick Carraway, the narrator of the story. So much so that Nick moved back west. On page 176 in chapter nine, it says, After Gatsbys death the East was haunted for me like that, distorted beyond my eyes power of correction.I decided to come back home. Gatsbys pursuit of the American Dream was deadly for the fact that he ended up dead; however, it is more of the fact that his ignorance and carelessness in this pursuit eventually lead to his demise. Another event that happened because of someone elses pursuit of the American Dream is the death of Myrtle Wilson. In Daisy Buchanans pursuit, it made her careless, this killed Myrtle. Her death was heartbreaking and devastating to her husband, Tom Wilson. On page 138 in chapter seven, it says, His [Tom] eyes would drop slowly from the swinging light to the laden table by the wall, and then jerk back to the light again, and he gave out incessantly his high, horrible call: Oh, my Ga-od! Oh, my Ga-od! Oh, my Ga-od! Oh, my Ga-od! Myrtles passing was also devastating for Daisy, she felt guilty and awful. In chapter 7 on page 144, Gatsby tells Nick that Daisy has locked herself in her room and refuses to come out. Daisys pursuit consequently came to be deadly because an innocent woman lost her life. Myrtles departure is heart-crushing for the audience as well. The reason for this being that Myrtle was an innocent bystander, so to have her life ripped from her in such a way was gut-wrenching. F. Scott Fitzgerald expresses his view on the American Dream in his novel The Great Gatsby. His outlook on it is negative, which is apparent through the grim fates of some characters and the sad ending of the book. Fitzgerald hints that the American Dream is the need to have material things and have a fancy lifestyle, the people who pursue it are restless, careless, and always wanting more expensive things, and this pursuit is ultimately heart-rending, destroying, and fatal.

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Family Tradition and Theories - 4437 Words

Family Tradition and Theories Author’s Name Institution Family Tradition and Theories My family lives in the middle East and it consists of my grandfather Mansour, grandmother Fahiama, my father Amer, my mother Nada, my 17 years old sister Mariyah, my 23 years old brother Abdullah, my aunt, uncle and I. Our family tradition is taking breakfast together every Friday. Every member of the family ought to be present at the breakfast table no matter the time he or she slept last night. Even if one member of the family is mad at the other, he or she must be present at the table at 10 a.m. and none is supposed to leave the table until all the family members are through with their breakfast and said our prayers. This is†¦show more content†¦Inside of the limits of the framework, patterns grow as the conduct of a certain member of the family’s causes, or caused by, other members behaviors in predictable manner. Keeping up the same pattern of practices within the system may prompt to adjust in the family framework, and dysfunction ( Bornstein, 2006). There are eight concepts in Family Systems Theory and they include; differentiation of self, which is the difference in individuals in their vulnerability to rely upon others for acknowledgement and endorsement., triangles, which is the smallest stable relationship framework and nuclear family emotional process, which consists of the four relationship designs that characterize where issues may grow in a family such as marital conflict, emotional distance, spouse’s dysfunction and impairment in the children. Family protection process is the transmission of emotional issues from the parent to a child and cutoff is the act of decreasing or cutting off emotional contact with family as a way of overseeing uncertain emotional issues. Multigenerational transmission process is the transmission of little contrasts in the levels of differentiation between children and parents. The other concepts are sibling position, which is the effect of kin position on advancement and behavior and societal emotional process, which is the emotional framework that administersShow MoreRelatedMannheim Theory Of Generation Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Mannheims theory of generations is that throughout history each generation develop their own particular life courses such as the baby boomer generation,generation X and Generation Y. Mannheim believed that each generation reflects the cultural, social and economic events which occurred in that period of time. He believes that the adolescents stage is the main force behind these changes with the greatest influence on the course of a persons life. Karl Mannheims theory of generation is demonstratedRead MoreSociological Analysis On Interfaith Marriage Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesSociological Analysis on Interfaith Marriage The family issue I will be analyzing is interfaith marriage. Interfaith marriage is simply marriage between two people who belong to or identify with different religious groups. However simple the definition may seem, the reality of interfaith marriage can be far more complex. For most of human history it has been a social taboo to marry outside of one s faith. However, in recent years it has become much more acceptable, even to the point of seemingRead MoreDeception Theory Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pagesvalue of studying and understanding communication theory? * There is a lot of value in studying and understanding the communication theory. One value would be the relation to our critical thinking skills. Reading and communicating requires the ability to think, sometimes critically, about many issues. The communication theory can aid in helping to understand issues and think critically about them. * The value of the communication theory also helps us to recognize the breadth and depthRead MoreFuture of Modernization1108 Words   |  5 PagesAdopting modern ways and new ideas move people forward by building on foundations of traditions. When traditions are lost, modernization sets in. Modernization is when technology blends with culture and they exist together in a contemporary time period. The main issue with modernization is that it is a continuing cycle of innovations and change that never cease and force the loss of traditions. There are four key concepts which help explain how modernization manifests; first, the decline of smallRead MoreMoral Philosophy And Its Strength And Weaknesses1350 Words   |  6 Pagesmy personal and professional life. Ethical theory helps to explain my moral philosophy and its strength and weaknesses. Consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics are three main traditions in ethical theory. The consequentialist theory holds that only the outcome of actions matters morally. Our acts are deemed morally right solely on the basis of their consequences. A common form of consequentialism is utilitarianism. Utilitarian theory believes that our actions are only morally rightRead MorePsychoanalytic Criticism Of The Lottery999 Words   |  4 Pagesconduct a â€Å"lottery† that involves the families of the town to go into a drawing. Once the drawing is done, the family that is chosen is forced to commence into another lottery between themselves. The winner of the lottery is used as a sacrifice for the town and is pelted by stones thrown from the community, including children. Furthermore, the basis of â€Å"The Lottery† has to do with psychological problems and influence. Psychoanalysi s is built upon Sigmund Freud’s theories of psychology, which asserts thatRead MoreThe Role Of Yin And Yang And The Religious Practices Of China869 Words   |  4 Pagesbalance between yin and yang. In the Confucian tradition, the harmony of yin and yang is restored through the practice of li. Li is â€Å"the ritual observance of obligation attached to one’s station in society† (Esposito 19). The Confucian philosophy is that the harmony of yin and yang can only be realized through knowing your role in society, sacrificing your own personal good for that of the community, and cultivating your character. In the Daoist tradition, the philosophy focuses around seeking theRead MoreCultural Dimensions Theory658 Words   |  3 PagesCultural Dimensions Theory MGMT455 Unit 3 Assignment Cultural Dimensions Theory A Dutch social psychologist and anthropologist named Geert Hofstede studied how different cultures interact with one another. The framework for assessing the many differences between nations and cultures was established by him and called the cultural dimensions theory. The theory uses six cultural dimensions to place a value on them. The six cultural dimensions are power, collectivism, uncertainty avoidanceRead MoreCultural Diversity and Health Traditions Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesdiverse traditions and cultures. Thus knowledge of health traditions and culture plays a vital role in nursing. People from different cultures have a unique view on health and illness. Culture-specific care is a vital skill to the modern nurse, as the United States continues to consist of many immigrants who have become assimilated into one culture. I interviewed three families of different cultures: - Indian (my culture), Hispanic and Chinese. Let us see the differences in health traditions betweenR ead MoreAn Examination Of Gender And Sexual Differences1191 Words   |  5 PagesA theory is a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained. (Webster Dictionary) Joyce Rosemary argues and sees it as an examination of gender (2013). This should explain only perceived differences between men and women but also the male dominance. Joyce Rosemary (2013) traces presence of the naturalization of biological differences to the initial arguments of feminists women subordinate the status

Friday, December 13, 2019

Imprint Free Essays

Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they were meant to be there, to serve some sort of purpose, teach you a lesson, to help you figure out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be, but when you lock eyes with them, you know at that very moment that they will affect your life in some profound way. Some people come into our lives and quickly go, while others move our souls to dance. We will write a custom essay sample on Imprint or any similar topic only for you Order Now They awaken us to new understanding with the passing whisper of their wisdom. Some people make the sky more beautiful to gaze upon. They stay in our lives for awhile, leave Imprints in our hearts,  and we are never, ever the same. These are the people who enter our lives with a unique lesson to teach us. And it is only through these lessons that we learn about life, people, relationships, and ourselves. So appreciate every moment and take from those moments everything that you possibly can for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people that you have never talked to before, and actually listen. Let yourself fall in love, break free, and set your sights high. Hold your head up because you have every right to. Look beyond the masks people wear if you want to know their heart, and remove your own masks to let people know yours. Tell yourself you are a great individual and believe in yourself, for if you don’t believe in yourself; it will be hard for others to believe in you. Everything is possible with heart and dedication. Try every thing once, there are times when we must quit something, but call it â€Å"letting go of loose ends. Communication is key, love with all your heart. Live the life that makes you feel complete, makes you happy, and makes you wake up every morning with a smile. There’s always something to learn, someone to meet, and something extraordinary to tell. It’s about finding a meaning and sharing a story. Create the person you want to be in this world and in this life, and share the experiences and lessons with others. Because you know , it’s never too late to have a life, and it’s never too late to change one. How to cite Imprint, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Issues To Implementation Of Methodologies †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Issues To Implementation Of Methodologies? Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to throw light on the Project Management Methodologies and implement it practically on three case studies of different industries in order to explain their benefits, issues and solution of those issues. This report focuses on three PM Methodologies PMBOK, PRINCE2, and Waterfall, which are best suited with the infrastructure and employee strength of three case studies. These methodologies are being implemented to system in order to enhance the performance of the organization and let the employees give best efficiency on the output. This report explains in depth the three methodologies and consequence of this implementation within the operations that includes recommendation of better methodology based in the existing infrastructure and the strength of the organization, their advantages. Issues related to the implementation have also been proposed in this report including the measures that could eliminate or minimize he issue to an extent level. Implementing PM methodology as a Management Activity In simple way, PM methodology is a must-have in order to reduce risks and avoid failure and is one of the critical factor and core competencies of the management team within any organization. Project Management methodology can be defined as the combination of methods, processes and practices that can be helpful in determining the best to develop, plan, control, and deliver project throughout the regular implementation process till the project is completed and terminated (International Standards organization 2004). PM methodology is scientifically proven to be the best disciplined and systematic approach to project design, project execution, and project completion. The purpose of PM methodology is to give management the access to control the entire management process through problem solving and effective decision making, and in the meanwhile ensuring the success of specific techniques, approaches, processes, technologies and methods. In other words it provides a skeleton of each step of the project management in depth in order to ensure that the project manager take proper and good decisions for delivering and implementing the project within the schedule, client specification, and budget (International Standards Organization 2008). First organization is a financial services industry with very low strength (80) employees within the organization. PMI/PMBOK can be considered as the best methodology approach for organization A. this approach will help the manager in dividing processes into five stages as guided by PMI (Project Management Institute) and allow the five stages to enhance the performance of the organization by proper management (International Standards 2008). Second organisation is a building society industry with 600 numbers of employees which is ell manageable with less complex methodology, thus PRINCE2 can be recommended as the best methodology approach to carry out efficient and effective management operations within the organization (Calder 2009). Third organisation belongs to Technology Services industry with very large number of employees of strength 600 members, which makes the management system little complex. For such type of organizational structure Waterfall project management methodology could be the best approach in order to manage the operational activities with more efficient and effective manner. The waterfall model can be helpful in gaining sequential or non-iterative design-process that can be used in software development processes. In this methodology progress can be seen flowing in steady downward manners. PMBOK Implementation Strategy for Organisation A The PMBOK methodology implementation can be a very crucial element of the whole process within the organization. PMI/PMBOK implementation can be divided into five phases, which can be listed as: Initiating, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling and closing. Initiating phase can be considered as most crucial and demonstrating in the whole process of management (International Standards Organization 2008). Under this process setting respective aims and goals of the organization is determined. Second phase that is planning, emphasis on planning that how the project will run and is running including the processes that are taken in account during the access of the requirements. Next phase is execution, which includes implementation of the gathered information on the entire project, which was gathered during first and second phase including budget plan for some cases (International Standards Organization 2012). Next phase monitors and controls the implementations that are going to be made for the change and ensures that the implementation should be effective. Last phase is the closing phase in which project closure is discussed withholding a closure meeting and completion of all the documentation process with proper initials. PRINCE2 Implementation Strategy for Organisation B PRINCE2 is a process-based approach or methodology that can help in managing the projects in more effective and efficient manner. It emphasis on the team members those are suitable for the project, their responsibilities and roles in the whole project. For implementing PPRINCE 2 within the organization a manager might need a mentor in order to make the implementation successful. Following are the main objectives for marketing this implementation successful: firstly, PRINCE2 coaches/mentors, who are specialise in providing assistance for the organization in order to make the implementation successful and achieve the expected benefits with this implementation. Guidance can be gained while implementing this methodology into the system through proper coaching, monitoring and training. Secondly implementing PRINCE 2 is more than providing training to the employees rather than that it is about the establishment of best practices among the project management system into the work environment and enhances the performance of the organization through more improved and advanced way of project governance (Directing successful projects 2009). Waterfall Implementation Strategy for Organisation C Waterfall methodology is being expected to be much simpler to implement within the organization than other methodologies. First of all a big team is needed for several processes for which a big management team is needed for the success of this approach. As per the figure 3 in Appendix it can be seen that Waterfall is a hierarchical structured methodology, team will be created with same hierarchical structure. The manager should then start implementing the policies in documented form as, all the activities under Waterfall approach are based on the principles. After this, first step should be documentation of demand of the customers followed by performing the processes of the project in stage-wise manner. Each event or process in this methodology is depended on previous event or process as, it st5arts after the completion of previous projects event. This raise the demand of attentiveness, which should be provided on each process and avoid all the bugs as it will directly affect the nex t process. Issues Related to the Implementation of Methodologies PMBOK implementation has following issues: The PMBOK PM methodology only provides general guidance and states this specifically. That means an individual will have to know precisely what is to be done then only the implementation can be successful. Another issues can be stated as The PMBOK cannot define precise output, input and performance criteria for example qualitative analysis can be helpful in identifying relative impact, but it does not represents 0.80 impact (Project Management Institute 2006). Thirdly, it also lacks in defining the individuals role that are responsible for performing the processes. A complete and accurate is that which can define roles, responsibilities and authority levels of each individual involved in the project (Project Management Institute 2013). Fourth, the PMBOK lacks in developing guidance documents and user-friendly in order to implement the respective processes in consistent manner. The PMBOK do laid out work flows in well manner, but only dealt with the single pass, which are the methodologies need to deal with the iterative builds (Project Management Institute 2011). Last but not the least it can be said that there are various issues in PMBOK implementation, which have been eliminated in other methodologies like Six Sigma and PRINCE2. PRINCE2 implementation has following issues: Change Management: It is a procedure oriented methodology, which implies that changes cannot be made during the middle of the project and are not acceptable during the development of the project. Heavy weight: The main focus of this methodology is on heavy documentation and comprehensive planning that makes the methodology more time consuming than other PM methodologies (Hedeman and Seegers 2007). Poor Risk Management: risk management can be meaningful only if the risks are identified at early stages and mitigated whenever identified. PRINCE2 PM Methodology does not provide much emphasis on the guidance of problem solving nor does it discuss the decision-making process. Not solving problems at their early stages can lead to bigger failures and harm the project from achieving its goals (Hedman and Ron 2009). Motivation: This is the last issue in the implementation of PRINCE2 methodology, which can be stated as there is no mode of any motivation throughout the whole process. Motivational aspects are very important in order to create positivity among the individuals related to the project. Waterfall implementation has following issues: The very first issue in this implementation is that most customers do not know in real that what they want or need up-front. The up-front requirements design and capture presented by waterfall methodology approach is neither much realistic nor suitable for the vagaries of the real world. Next issue is related to the uncertain nature of estimating time, costs, and customer needs with any degree of accuracy as per the model is extremely difficult for the real world. Another issue can be emphasized on the implicit assumption of model, which results that designs that look much feasible on model can turn into difficult or expensive in practice, later on discovering that it requires a re-design. Some issues can also direct towards the fact that the waterfall model implies a clear division of labor between, say, "designers", "programmers" and "testers". For most of the software organizations these divisions are neither efficient not much realistic. Measures to Mitigate Issues in Implementing Methodologies PMI/PMBOK is specially designed in manner of standardizing all the activities that are being performed within the various departments of the organisation. Other than that focus should be given on assigning the roles and responsibilities to the individual could eliminate the first issue stated in above paragraph (Project Management Institute 2011). Completely new qualitative analysis with proper accurate impact analysis can be helpful in mitigating the third issue raised above. Modifying it to be more user-friendly can also be helpful (Project Management 2013). The management processes should be made more flexible in order to allow the changes during the development of the project. Risk management process should be improved in order to mitigate the in early stages and complete the project with 100% efficiency. Motivational awareness program can be implemented into the phases of processes. Proper offering based on the requirements of the organization not on the call can eliminate the first issue raised in the above paragraph. Each process should be made independent in order to break the consequence of bugs or issues that might affect the rest of process outputs. Isolation of process can be a better option. Implicit assumption of model should be eliminated and models should be made considering the real world could help in mitigating the issues. Benefits of Using PM Methodologies Following are the benefits in implementation of PMBOK methodology: Standardization of the PM processes: PMBOK specifically promote companies towards standardizing the implementation process for each and every project (Project Management Institute Management 2013). Analysis of activities across different sectors can be made in order to standardize the procedures by the help of PMBOK. This will result in more efficiency within the system (Project Management System 2012). Easy guide to PM steps: It is easier to perform the role activities of all members within the project management team or the organization using the guidance presented by PMBOK. Individuals of the team can do their work with more efficiency through this implication (Project Management Institute 2013). PMBOK Provides documentation: Finding out what processes or systems are resulting in the favour of the organizational goal can be done by PMBOK guide, which will result in god business in return for the organization (Project Management Institute 2011). Due to the flexibility in customization and standardization, the involving processes can be applied to several other companies. Following are the benefits of implementing PRINCE2 methodology: Reliable: PRINCE2 divides the whole project into two parts, which results in easy managing all the management activities within the organization. Reliability can be proved as this provides assistance to the project team on how to maintain a focused and motivated workforce and become capable of delivering the expected outcome as per the goal set by the organization and the team leader (Van Selm 2009). Communication: Communication between the stakeholders and the team members can be improved by the implementation of PRINCE2 PM Methodology within the system. This helps in promoting team spirit, more controlled and efficient work. Well documented: It is another benefit of PRINCE2, which is a procedure-oriented project management methodology. Knowledge transfer between the different levels team becomes easier because of the detailed documentation at all stages (Managing Successful Project 2009). Plan oriented: It is completely plan oriented approach as, whole project is divided into two stages and every stage is comprised of planning at its first phase. Planning can be helpful in meeting the needs or requirements of different levels of management. Focus on product: The main focus of this methodology as stated above is on delivering and defining the products and their quality requirements respectively. This is not an activity-oriented project whereas; it is an output-oriented project. Clearly defined roles and responsibilities: This methodology properly defines the roles of team leader, and project manager and their responsibilities (Wijers and Vergoef 2009). Following are the benefits of implementing Waterfall methodology: There are various benefits of this implementation within the system of organization C. Firstly, discipline can be achieve by the enforcement of the staged development cycle, which states that every phase has a defined with starting and ending point that helps in the progress that can be conclusively identified by using milestones introduced by both client and the vendor. The risks of schedule slippage can be reduced and the customers expectation can be met through emphasising on the design and requirements before writing a single line of code. Getting the design and requirements out of the way first also helps in improving the quality; it becomes much easier to correct and catch flaws that might occur during designing stage and then at testing stage. Lastly, it can be said that because the first two phases ends in a production of the formal specification, the waterfall model can enhance the performance of the organization through increasing efficient knowledge transfer between the in dividuals involved in the project. Conclusion Based on the above report it can be concluded that based on the infrastructure of the organization, every proposed project Management Methodology is feasible and can help in enhancing the performance of the organization. However, PRINCE2 was found to be the least issues among the rest of the implementation. Whereas, waterfall can be stated as the old methodology and need upgrade. PMBOK can be the best guide for adhering the accurate efficiency for the organization through proper delivery of the processes within the methodology. References: Calder, A., 2009. Information Security based on ISO 27001/ISO 27002. Business law. Directing Successful Projects with PRINCE2TM, Fifth Edition, Crown copyright 2009, TSO Hedeman, B.S.R. and Seegers, R., 2007. PRINCE2 Edition 2009: A Pocket Guide. Hedeman, Bert, and Ron Seegers. PRINCE2TM 2009 Edition-A Pocket Guide. Van Haren, 2009. International Standards Organization. 2004. ISO/IEC 2:2004. Standardization and Related Activities General Vocabulary. Geneva, Switzerland: ISO. International Standards Organization. 2008. ISO 9000:2008. Quality Management Systems Fundamentals and Vocabulary. Geneva, Switzerland: ISO. International Standards Organization. 2008. ISO/IEC 15288:2008. Systems and Software Engineering System Life Cycle Processes. Geneva, Switzerland: ISO. International Standards Organization. 2012. ISO 21500:2012 Guidance on Project Management. Geneva, Switzerland: ISO. Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2TM, Fifth Edition, Crown copyright 2009, TSO Project Management Institute. 2006. Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures (WBS) Second Edition (Reaffirmed). Newtown Square, PA: PMI. Project Management Institute. 2011. Practice Standard for Earned Value Management Second Edition. Newtown Square, PA: PMI. Project Management Institute. 2011. Practice Standard for Scheduling Second Edition. Newtown Square, PA: PMI. Project Management Institute. 2012. PMI Lexicon of Project Management Terms. Available from https://www.pmi.org/lexiconterms Project Management Institute. 2013. Organizational Project Management Maturity Model (OPM3R) Third Edition. Newtown Square, PA: PMI. Project Management Institute. 2013. The Standard for Portfolio Management Third Edition. Newtown Square, PA: PMI. Project Management Institute. 2013. The Standard for Program Management Third Edition. Newtown Square, PA: PMI. Project Management Institute. PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Available from https://www.pmi.org/codeofethicsPDF van Selm, L., 2009. ISO/IEC 20000 Eine Einfhrung. Van Haren. Wijers, G. and Verhoef, D., 2009. IT Outsourcing Part 1: Contracting the Partner. Van Haren.