Augustine s Confessions And St. Paul Essay - 1979 Words

In Augustine’s Confessions and St. Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians, both authors discuss the relationship between fleshy temptation and the purity of the spirit. The Confessions is Augustine’s writes of his extensive search for truth and conversion to Christianity, as he struggles against fleshy temptations and his soul to find rest in God. Augustine’s writes of a constant struggle to reconcile between the dualistic notion of the flesh and spirit with a nuanced understanding of flesh. On the other hand, St. Paul’s Letter to the Corinthians calls for a unified community as a body to the Christian community. He writes of the significant bond one can have between the soul and Christ. The writings of Augustine and Paul are separate. Augustine explores of revelations of Christianity through his mistakes and encounters with people. On the other hand, Paul derives his understanding of the word from the life of Jesus. Paul is an advocate of Jesus, as he relays the gospel of God to the people to become one with God. Augustine’s Confessions and St. Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians, address the relationship between fleshy temptation and the purity of spirit in two different perspectives. Augustine explores the meaning of a devout Christian as an dualistic battle between the body, temptations of evil, and the soul, desire to be pure. Whereas, Paul deduces that the body of Christ is a unity of all followers of Jesus, and the soul is a spiritual bond with God. ThroughoutShow MoreRelatedSaint Augustine s Life Of Augustine1679 Words   |  7 PagesSaint Augustine The Life of Augustine Augustine was born in North Africa in AD 354 in the city of Thagaste. His father, Patricius, was a pagan and his mother, Monica, a devoted Catholic who relentlessly prayed for her son s salvation. Saint Augustine of Hippo wrote Confessions between AD 397 and AD 398. He is regarded as a great theologian, philosopher, and one of most prolific Latin author s of many works. Augustine was schooled at Tagaste and Madaura and later at Carthage where he became interestedRead MoreReasons For St Augustine s Conversion2016 Words   |  9 Pageswith spirit. St Augustine Biography Info Augustine of Hippo was born on November 13, in AD 354, in Thagaste (modern day Souk Ahras, Algeria), and died on August 28, in AD 430, in modern-day Annaba, Algeria (then known as Hippo Regius). It was in the latter city where he was named Bishop 35 years prior to his death. It is a challenge to encapsulate renowned personalities, and with St. Augustine, this task is even more difficult (Augustine of Hippo). A theologian and philosopher, Augustine dithered betweenRead MoreThe Council Of Nicea ( 325 )2116 Words   |  9 PagesHistory of Christianity by Todd Bush August 20, 2016 Saint Augustine, one of the best scholars of the early church, portrayed the Trinity as practically identical to the three sections of an individual: personality, soul, and will. They are three unmistakable viewpoints, yet they are conjoined and together constitute one bound together individual. The purpose of this research paper is to further emphasize, highlight, and defend St. Augustine’s conclusion that the Holy Trinity is one God existingRead MoreWho Gregory Boyle s Tattoos Of The Heart1873 Words   |  8 Pagesfollower of Jesus Christ would have had. I think that leading by example is a much more effective way of reaching out towards people who are not as knowledgeable about God during those times, and even during the modern times now. According to Gerard S. Sloyan in the one of the publications of The College Theology Society, A World More Human, A Church More Chrisitan, â€Å"A generation of undergraduate students has appeared which is seemingly disinterested in the entire theological venture, whether markedRead MoreSt. Augustine s Confessions Essay1885 Words   |  8 Pagesexamined in the stories, Genesis, as God creates human beings to live amongst his other creations but to have free reign over the land, the Romans Corinthians, as even Jesus’ faith was to put to the test, and it is deeply explored in St. Augustine’s Confessions. Furthermore, the compatibility of faith and reason is seen in The Book of Matthew as Jesus travels the lands of Israel blessing them with his own faith. Faith and reason would not be attainable if it weren’t for our triune God subtly givingRead MoreLeibniz and the Problem of Evil3712 Words   |  15 Pagesuniting Christian Confessions; particularly he tried to find common ground for agreement between Catholics and Protestants.1 Although Leibniz had enjoyed a life in the public limelight, his popularity declined at the end of his life. He died in obscurity in 1716, and his 1 Frederick Copleston, S. J., A History of Philosophy, Vol. 4, (New York: Continuum Int’l Publishing, 2003) p.265 funeral was attended by his secretary only.2 His main works include Monadology, Philosophers Confession, PrinciplesRead More A Theology of Fly Fishing Essay3186 Words   |  13 Pagesdivine inception. As the Genesis author summarizes, so should we: â€Å"God saw everything that he (sic) had made, and indeed it was very good†(Gn 1:31a).1 I interpret the above to mean that divine establishment imbues all of creation with holiness. Paul Tillich writes, â€Å"...holy objects are not holy in and of themselves. They are only holy by negating themselves in pointing to the divine of which they are mediums†(Tillich 1951: 216). That is to say, everything has a quality beyond the purely materialRead MoreBeyond the Problem of Evil Essay6495 Words   |  26 PagesGod is the paradigm of goodness, then it would seem that we must modify our conception of his power. However, Christian orthodoxy remains unwilling to modify its conception of Gods goodness or his power-- thus, the persistence of the problem. St. Augustine was fully aware of this problem and spent much-- perhaps most--of his philosophical energy attempting to come to terms with it. In *De ordine*, he writes: Those who ponder these matters are seemingly forced to believe either that Divine ProvidenceRead MoreFdt4 Task 2 Essay5696 Words   |  23 Pagesthe Lamb o f God, who was slain that we might be redeemed.† (Packer, 1996). The third belief of the LDS faith that I am going to talk about is the belief that Joseph Smith restored the church to the earth. Joseph Smith was a young boy in the 1800’s that was trying to figure out what religion was true. They believe that Jesus and God appeared to the fourteen year old Joseph Smith as he was praying in the woods outside his home. They believe that God and Jesus Christ told him that there was no trueRead More T.S. Eliots The Wasteland Essay3278 Words   |  14 Pagesmay not be what they need, nor do they consider why it is they feel they must do these things. Through studies in Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective on human drives, the various Christian theories of Mark Jordan and Kirk Bingaman, and Jean-Paul Sartre’s atheist existentialism, a movement that demands that a person take control of their actions, the character’s actions can be understood. It is through these tales of misplaced hope that the motives of the characte rs, and the reason they feel

Why John Locke is the Greatest Philosopher of all Time

Why John Locke is the Greatest Philosopher of all Time John Locke was a British philosopher and physician who lived from 29th August 1632 to 28th October 1704. He is one of the most outstanding of enlightenment thinkers, who explained many of the ideas that affect human life in today’s society. He is widely known as the father of classical liberalism, because of his emphases on liberty of persons by, restricting the authority of the government Jenkins and John (18). He is also regarded as one the first imperialist in Britain because his pioneer work on imperialism theory, a theory in epistemology that asserts that knowledge comes only from sensory experience. He is equally important when studying the theory of the social contract, which†¦show more content†¦His view on exempting papists and atheist from religion freedom has been severely criticized (Jenkins and John 35). Theory of value and property According to Locke the word property can be viewed from two perspectives; narrow and broad. Property is broad in the sense that it covers a wide range of human interests and aspirations, while on a narrow perspective property refers to material goods. From his argument property ought to be viewed as a natural right derived from labor. Locke further argues that property should be used to produce goods that are beneficial to human society and that ownership of goods and property should be based on the labor used in producing the goods. Locke believes that nature produces goods of little value; therefore, labor must be exerted to increase the value of the goods. This means that goods the society gets from nature are of less significance unless combined with labor during the production process, so without labor goods are of no value, because goods derive their value from labor. According to Locke, for one to own property they must apply labor in the production of that property, lock summ aries the theory by saying that property comes before the state, a claim that Karl Max criticizes in his social theory (Locke 101). Locke also believed that as much as labor creates property, it does not dictate limits of property accumulation.Show MoreRelatedThe Inspiration of the Declaration of Independence1203 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluenced one of the greatest founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson, to create such an important document in our American history. To really understand what influenced Thomas Jefferson, we must understand some of the men who inspired him when creating this document. Its also important for us to understand the philosophies these men went by, and why Thomas Jefferson wanted incorporate their philosophies in his grand ideas. We also need to understand what was happening at the time when the DeclarationRead MoreComparison between Two Political Thinkers and and their Understanding of Private Property1464 Words   |  6 Pagesthemes and topics. When studying political theory, it is important to recognize the philosopher behind the written work, and comprehend why they reflect the political beliefs that they do. This paper will compare and contrast two of the most noted and influential political thinkers and their understanding of private property. The first theory is found within the work of English philosopher John Locke. Locke strongly supported the concept of private property, and believed that the only reasonRead MoreJohn Locke s Theory Of Classical Liberalism1132 Words   |  5 Pagespoint in almost every society, because setting a principle to define one s possessions is an important aspect in citizen’s lives. This is why the majority of countries contain some form of property rights. In broad terms, property is defined as a thing that someone possesses. Throughout many years the definition of property has changed, and many philosophers have been able to address the different variations of property. Today, the definition of property is complex and contains many sub-definitionsRead MoreThe Enlightenment Impact On Western Society973 Words   |  4 Pagesbrought about by many great philosophers and scientists of the era when they began to question many long-standing beliefs such as the rights of the individual and the structure of power. Instead of solely relying on authority or religion t o answer questions about humanity, they turned toward logic and reason as their guides. In doing so, many arrived at conclusions that radically changed thinking across Europe. Their findings emphasized the rights of the individual, equality of all, feminism, and new perspectivesRead MoreThe Enlightenment And The American Revolution2027 Words   |  9 PagesThe Enlightenment and the American Revolution Everyone knows the story of how America came to be. It was similar to David versus Goliath, the American colonists against the potent England. England at the time of the Revolution, boasted the largest and most powerful fighting force in the history of the world. The Americans were rebellious country-cousins who wanted freedom from what they regarded as a capricious and tyrannical paternal England so they could govern themselves. The result was AmericaRead MoreEnlightenment During The French Revolution1423 Words   |  6 Pages Enlightenment during The French Revolution: Two of the Greatest Eras Working Together Without Knowing Molly Dauk Honors World History Mrs. Bartosik May 5, 2017 The Enlightenment and the French Revolution, two of the most enriched periods of history, probably never to be left out of the history books. The French Revolution was influenced greatly by the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment period took place over about three-hundred years, whereas the French Revolution took place for onlyRead MoreEssay on What is the Function of a Social Contract?1637 Words   |  7 Pages What is the Function of a Social Contract? Philosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a social contract can be derived as well as any problems with theRead MoreThe Function of a Social Contract1676 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the Function of a Social Contract? Philosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a social contract can be derived as well as any problems with the theory(s)Read MoreJohn Locke And Rousseau s Impact On Western Political Development1593 Words   |  7 PagesDave Licause Early Modern European History Dr. Jason White 4 December 2015 Locke and Rousseau The Enlightenment saw many great thinkers, but maybe no other individuals had a greater impact on Western political development than John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Locke and Rousseau, at the core of their arguments, believed that mankind creates a social contract within society. However, Rousseau and Locke differ in their exact view of the social contract, but both agree that some individual rightsRead MoreComparison Of Hobbes And Locke s State Of Nature1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe state is oppressive and was created to exploit people. This essay will examine why the state is needed, two states with different political views, how it impacts individuals as well as looking at the political views from two philosophers of social contract theory. Both Hobbes and Locke’s theory will be applied to Poland and North Korea. This first section provides a general discussion of the Hobbes and Locke’s state of nature and how it relates to individuals. According to Lacewing (2008), the

Diverse Interaction Fosters Collaborative Learning

Diverse Interaction Fosters Collaborative Learning Constructivism is an educational philosophy with many faces, however it primarily emphasizes on the social and cognitive abilities of the learner. A constructivist view on learning is where students share their experiences and knowledge in order to learn from another. Humans derive knowledge from previous knowledge, yet the teachers must conduct an environment that facilitates the learning process. It is a method of learning where the learner is active and makes sense of the world through external interventions. More importantly, educators that use collaborative learning to build morale and social skills collectively, contribute to the enhancement of student teaching (Hernandez, 2012). Theorists Jean Piaget, John Dewey and Lev Vygotsky were educational scientist who are responsible for the current way lessons are taught globally (Pass, 2004). Piaget, a psychologist, focus of constructivism has to do with the cognitive abilities of the individual and how they construct their own knowledge (Lam, 2011). Piaget is well known for the cognitive observational learning stages of the individual. Vygotsky is known for his sociocultural theory who designed the Zone for Proximal Development (ZDP) where students begin internalizes concepts. The Zone for Proximal Development is a key example of how constructivism uses collaboration to build knowledge through scaffolding. These philosophers make up the different parts of constructivism.Show MoreRelatedHow Diversity Influences Teaching Styles And Classroom Relationships1160 Words   |  5 PagesWenzlau LDR 822-0500 Grand Canyon University October 5, 2016 How Diversity Influences Teaching Styles and Classroom Relationships Today’s educational environmental landscape is a cornucopia of diverse students, with diverse backgrounds, cultural norms and values that influence their learning and relationships to teachers and other students. Today’s teachers face the need to consistently focus on ways to better prepare and serve these students in the classroom. Many of these students may comeRead MoreLeadership And The Development Collaboration1146 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and the Development Collaboration In any collaborative environment, an open-line of communication is a critical factor. Communication is a two way interaction of listening and speaking in turn. One speaks while the other listens for true comprehension is a key factor. One must get an understanding before the vision can be implemented within any leadership role. The presence of collaboration in schools are the result of principals, educators, parents, and administrative leadership in workingRead MoreImpact Of Diversity On Campus Impact On Academic And Social Effects1413 Words   |  6 Pagestranscend ethnocentrism, generating suitable behavior in one or more cultures, and respecting other cultures. Language learning may not be sufficient for culture learning but it is an integral part of the ability to communicate with people and make the culture acquisition. IC competence is critically important for U.S institution population to be culturally aware of service learning, which may be the solution to connect language and culture. Not only connecting but also provides the opportunities forRead MoreCultural Competence And Academic Development959 Words   |  4 Pagesdemographics in California is becoming more and more socioculturally diverse. In the field of education, interactions with varying cultures is inevitable. Hence, to become an effective school counselor, it is essential to have sociocultural competence. Cultural competence refers to having an understanding of the different cultural experiences of individuals other than your own. It is a mindset of having effective interaction with others regardless of cultural beliefs or demographic membershipRead MoreLearning Based On Diverse Needs And Experiences928 Words   |  4 Pagesbe, and the moral value. As a teacher I understand how students differ in their approaches to learning based on their diverse needs and experiences. Due to these diverse needs and experiences, I will use a variety of communication techniques to foster inquiry, co llaboration, and supportive interaction in and beyond my classroom. There are four key areas that are essential to consider when teaching a diverse group of students; 1) the abilities of learners to learn, 2) the impacts of discrimination,Read MoreCounselor Educators : Service Learning858 Words   |  4 Pageseducators incorporating service learning. Counselor educators are called to prepare students with the necessary knowledge and skills to work with diverse clients. In addition, counselor educators are charged to create structured opportunities for self-discovery, self-reflection, and understanding of values, skills and knowledge (Moss, Gibson, Dollarhide, 2013). However, counselor educators are often challenged to go beyond the classroom to help student work with diverse communities and increase theirRead MoreTraining For A Safer Health Care System1172 Words   |  5 Pagesinnovations are influencing education strategies and specifically advancing the domain of health profess ional education. Simulation is becoming more popular as a means to provide innovative learning experiences and foster understanding of didactic content, as well as offer an avenue for students to refine their collaborative practice skills. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) in its report, To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health Care System, recommended simulation training as a teaching strategy that canRead More My Philosophy of a Constructivist Mathematics Education Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagesgenetic epistemological constructivist model. This allows the student to scaffold their learning through cognitive processes that are facilitated by teaching in a resource rich and collaborative environment (Thompson, 1994, p.69). Constructivist learning Constructivist learning in mathematics should endeavour to encourage students to â€Å"construct their own mathematical knowledge through social interaction and meaningful activities (Andrew, 2007, p.157).† I want students to develop their ownRead MoreInstructional Leadership : The Implementation Of Strategic Planning Concepts Regarding Quality Instruction Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagessupporting educators with the intention of generating effecting learning environments drives instructional leadership. More specially, creating learning platforms were all students can learn regardless of ability levels is an essential component of instructional leadership. The ability to differentiate instruction combined with the incorporation of a variety of educational tools and resources aids in the development of effective learning environments. More importantly, instructional leadership requiresRead MoreEffective Teaching Strategies Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesReflection Item Two: ‘Adapting the curriculum and effective teaching strategies’ Question: Discuss in detail ways that teachers can set up the learning environment in order to maximise teaching and learning, and the advantages and disadvantages that belong with such implementation. In our teaching careers, the biggest achievement we can make; is to succeed in creating a supportive environment which nurtures the emotional, physical, social and intellectual developmental needs of each and every

Han China Essay - 858 Words

In the Classical Period, though miles apart, both Imperial Rome and Han China had parallels and differences in methods of political control. The two civilizations both used the aspects of religion and belief systems to attain political influence over their subjects, but had differing methods to reach this goal. Standardization and cultural unity was a key factor in both civilizations regarding political control, as was expansion and growth of trade. The systems of belief of both Han China and Imperial Rome were quite different. Rome began with a polytheistic religion but later converted to Christianity, a monotheistic religion, with the arrival of Constantine. Constantine united all of the Roman Empire under Christianity. People began†¦show more content†¦China had been composed of clashing groups of people with differing languages and cultures since the Warring States Period. Shi Huangdi established the first empire of China, the Qin, and creates uniform systems of weight, measurement, and coinage; a uniform law code; regulations regarding the lengths of axles on carts; and a common system of writing to unify the people of China. After the Qin Dynasty fell, the Han Dynasty adopted the systems of standardization used by the Qin. They were able to build roads, expand in population and size, and take part in trade due to a culture made of common, uniform systems. While a common system of writing was established in the Ha n Dynasty, it was controlled by the elite class so that no one else could outdo them in education and overtake their positions of control. In the Roman Empire, Diocletian created a series of reforms as emperor which controlled prices on goods, which was set in a standard system of money. Latin language and religion were other examples of standardized aspects of Roman society. Standardization was critical in both civilizations because both the Han and Romans controlled such a vast, diverse empire, and they had to have a common means of communication and commerce across the regions. Standardization allowed the civilizations to expand and flourish while keeping certain aspects of politics under governmental control. Both Han ChinaShow MoreRelatedThe History Of Han China1112 Words   |  5 PagesThough the people of Islamic belief are scattered throughout China, the greatest concentration of Muslims reside in the autonomous region of Xinjiang. This region is distinctly non-Han in its ethnic composition, since the Uyghurs account for nearly 75 percent of its population; the cultural makeup of this region is comprised of Turkic language and beliefs in Islam (Clarke and Hayes 3). However, the influx and growth of the Han Chinese population in Xinjiang has created a language barrier in whichRead MoreThe Unification Of China And Han Dynasty873 Words   |  4 Pages The unification of China was under the dynasties Qin and Han. There were formed schools of thought called Confucians, Daoists, and Legalists. These school of thoughts worked to bring political and social stability to China during the rule of the late Zhou dynasty which were chaotic years. Legalist principles and imposed centralized imper ial rule were adopted by rulers of the Qin and Han dynasties. Political stability was the foundation of economic prosperity for the Han dynasty. There was a searchRead MoreEssay on Traditions of Qin Han, China652 Words   |  3 PagesTraditions of Qin Han, China The Qin dynasty created the first unified Chinese empire. They did this by utilizing a legalistic approach to government. The Qin believed that the nature of mankind is inherently evil and only through a strict code of laws with severe punishment could the government achieve reliability and stability. Because the emperor feared the people and the inherent rights and privileges established with the teachings of Confucus, he ordered all books on Confucianism burnedRead MoreROMAN EMPIRE AND THE HAN DYNASTY IN CHINA1441 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE HAN DYNASTY IN CHINA Rodrick Carter HIEU 201 Liberty University 29 November 2014 Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty in China The Roman Empire and Han Dynasty in China are two kingdoms that, despite the geographical difference between them, managed to achieve great success and failure in equal measure. Both were characterized by imperial dynasties that were headed by the emperors and they held large territories. Both of these kingdoms faced various challenges afterRead MoreThe Han Dynasty : A Golden Era For China1287 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 12, 2015 The Han Dynasty The Han dynasty was a golden era for China. It saw the greatest land confiscation of the nation’s history and economic success. In this paper I will be focusing on the structure of the national government, the monopolizing of iron and salt, the Yumen Pass and the Yellow Turban rebellion. Join me as we take a trip back in time to visit a time in Chinas history that is highly revered. Even though the Qin dynasty was seen as barbaric and brutal, the Han did implement someRead MoreDifferences in Ancient Rome and Han China944 Words   |  4 PagesHan China and Classical Rome When comparing Han China and Classical Rome, many political, geographical, and religious similarities can be found, though many differences are also prevalent. Though Roman and Han political structures both emphasized bureaucracies, they came to them quite differently. Through copious amounts of expansion, both societies spread culture and earned money, though expansion was eventually their downfalls. Their religions differed immensely, with Rome emphasizing polytheismRead MoreA Comparison of the Decline of Han China and the Roman Empire917 Words   |  4 PagesA Comparison of the Decline of Han China and the Roman Empire The decline of China and Rome both shared similar economic strife in that they were both subject to barbarian and nomadic invasions, therefore having to spend large amounts of money on frontier defense; however, they differed in that the Han Empire collapsed in part due to the high taxes imposed on the peasant class resulting in a large peasant rebellion, such as the Yellow Turbans, while in Rome tax collections was in danger ofRead MoreCompare and Contrast Han China and Rome Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesvastly different, their start from a lowly seed and craving for water and sunlight to survive unifies them. Such is also true with the Han and Roman empires. While key differences may be present, their social structures, influencing religions, and causes of collapse unify them. Society cannot exist without a unified social doctrine, as is true with both the Han and Roman empires. While there may be vast differences between them, at their roots is the same thing, a structure built on family. InRead MoreThe Silk Road During The Han Dynasty Of China1484 Words   |  6 Pageswas not until the second century BC that Europe and Eastern Asia interacted in a significant way. What is known as â€Å"The Silk Road† was established during the Han Dynasty of China, it was a network of trade routes that created a link between these two regions during this ancient world (ancient.eu). Though these routes have history prior to the Han Dynasty, this is when many historians see the routes in full practice. This time during the second century BC was crucial in the connection of these separatelyRead MoreComparing Classical Athens and Han China Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesAthens and Han China were major and distinctive. The background information, government, val ues of the individual, and art of each society show how differently each empire developed. Within the background information of both Athens and Han China you can automatically notice evident differences between the two. The first document shows the maps of both empires side by side. The Han Empire is isolated and much bigger than Athenss city-state Attica, which is a mere 50 miles long, while the Han Empires

Adoption and Success of ABC Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Adoption and Success of ABC . Answer: Introduction Activity Based Costing (ABC) refers to a particular method of costing that helps the business organizations in the identification of all the costing activities in the companies so that they can assign indirect costs to the manufactured products (ker zyapici, 2013). In the recent years, it can be seen that companies all over the world have started to adopt the method of ABC for their business organizations. However, some specific factors are there in the companies that influence the adoption of ABC. It is important for the companies to consider those factors as the success of ABC largely depends on them. Discussion In the recent years, it can be seen that ABC has become most popular in most of the countries all over the world. As per Abdallah Li, (2008), the main reason is that it is easy for the organizational managers to implement the process of ABC in order to find the costs of the company. Thus, it can be seen that companies prefer the implementation of ABC over the method of traditional costing. In the business organizations, ABC works in two stages. In the first stage, managers use to allocate the overhead costs into different cost pools based on their activity based on cost classification. In the second stage, the managers use a series of cost drivers in order to allocate the overall costs in the product lines (ker Ad?gzel, 2016). In this context, it needs to be mentioned that the traditional costing method is fully based on payroll of the employees and thus, it create obstacles for the mangers in measuring the performance of the employees. This is one of the reasons that lead to the a doption of ABC in most of the business organizations all over the world. In spite of the growing popularity of ABC all over the world, management of some of the major corporations are facing difficulties while using ABC. Thus, it can be understood that certain factors in the organizations lead to the success or failure of ABC (Abdallah Li, 2008). The major success factors for ABC in the companies are the assistance of top level management; effective integration between ABC and various organizational strategies like Just-In-Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM) and others; establishment relation between ABC and the process of performance evaluation of employees; adequate training and development activities for using ABC; availability of organizational resources for the implementation and running of ABC and others (Abdallah Li, 2008). At the same time, certain factors lead to the failure of ABC in the companies. They are lack of transparent purpose of the business; lack of commitment from the top level management reading the implementation of ABC; delegation of authority in ABC; the resistance from employee as well as the management to bring change in costing method; poor design of ABC model and others. In this context, it needs to be mentioned that due to the above mentioned factors, the implementation of ABC failed in t he Bank of China (Abdallah Li, 2008). Organizations all over the world use different approaches to measure the success of the implementation of ABC in the companies. However, most of the companies use two major approaches or methods to measure the success of ABC (Allah Rahmouni Charaf, 2012). As per the first approach, organizational managers use single or multiple items to measure the success of ABC. In this approach, the use of single item has been criticized as it has failed to measure the overall success of ABC in the companies. For this reason, organizational managers have started using multiples items or variables for measuring the success of ABC. In this context, the assistance of ABC in decision making can be used as there are many instances where the organizational managers have used information extracted from ABC for making effective organizational decisions (Allah Rahmouni Charaf, 2012). As per the second approach, the success of ABC is measured based on the measurement of success in each step of the project . In this particular approach, the progress of each activity is measured for the completion of the second stage. As a result of this approach, the organizational managers can actually ensure the success of the whole project based on each step of the project. Thus, it can be seen that companies uses these two approaches for measuring the success of ABC. However, it needs to be mentioned that there are many other approaches to measure ABC success (ker zyapici, 2013). Every business organizations all over the world have to follow certain steps at the time of implementing the system of ABC in their companies. It is important for the companies to implement ABC in the effective and efficient basis as the success of mostly depends on the success of the each level implementation of ABC. It can be seen that there are a total of six stages in the implementation of ABC in the companies (Byrne, Stower Torry, 2009). The first stage is Initiation. In this particular stage, the analysis of feasibility of the adoption of ABC in the companies is done. This particular process ensures that the ABC implementation is done as per the nature and business operations of the companies. The second important stage is Adoption (Drury, 2013). This is a crucial stage in ABC implementation. In this stage, the amount of resources required for the implementation of ABC is determined. The third stage in ABC implementation is Adaptation. In this stage, the analysis of ABC is don e based on some of the key factors like the activities of the firm, various cost drivers and others. In this stage, the information of ABC is available, but they are not used for decision-making and other purposes (Byrne, Stower Torry, 2009). The fourth stage is Acceptance. In this stage, ABC is considered as a model or project that the top level management uses for decision-making. The next important stage is Routinisation. This is considered as a normal part of the management information system that the upper level management use in order to make effective business decisions. The last stage in ABC implementation is Infusion or Integration. This is the last stage of ABC implementation where the system is integrated with the organizational financial system. These are the six major stages of ABC implementation. In this context, it needs to be mentioned that Australia is one of the countries where the vast use of ABC can be seen (Byrne, Stower Torry, 2009). In United Kingdom, there are some major motives that work as the prime reasons behind the adoption of ABC in the companies. Majorly, companies switch to ABC as the current costing system fails to deliver the required important information to the companies for various purposes. It can also be seen that the companies move to ABC as it is required for them to update their current costing system (Al-Omiri Drury, 2007). Sometimes, due to the unreliability of the existing costing system forces the companies to implement ABC. The use of traditional costing system sometimes fails to align with the changing manufacturing environment of the companies. However, ABC can be well aligned with the changing manufacturing environments of the companies. ABC is consisted as one of the most sophisticated costing system and this is one of the reasons companies are opting for the implementation of ABC. A major aspect is the cost regarding the running of the costing systems. Companies have to bear high co sts in case of traditional costing system. However, the adoption of ABC costs the companies less while running the system. High level of synchronization can be seen between the accounting system of the companies and ABC (Al-Omiri Drury, 2007). Thus, it can be seen that all the above mentioned reasons lead the companies for the adoption of ABC for their manufacturing operations. There are certain behavioural and organizational factors in the business organizations that are associated with the success application of ABC (DraÃ… ¾i? Dragija, 2012). In most of the business organizations, organizational people ABC as the most appropriate tool for the calculation of product cost at various level of production. However, it has been seen that most of the companies failed to apply the various techniques of ABC for their costing purposes. This is because of some organizational as well as behavioural factors in the companies. Employees of most of the companies are reluctant to accept the changes in their companies and thus, they cannot happily welcome the introduction of ABC as their new costing system. In addition, sometimes companies get little support from upper level management for the application of ABC as their prime costing system (Senthil Bte, 2010). These are the major behavioural and organizational factor that leads to ineffective application of ABC. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be seen that most of the companies all over the world are adopting ABC as their costing system. This is because ABC helps the companies in taking effective business decisions and the system is easy to implement. The above study also shows that companies use two major approaches to measure the success of ABC. It can also been seen that the companies follow six major steps at the time to implement the system of ABC in their companies. References Abdallah, A. A. N., Li, W. (2008). Why Did ABC Fail: at the Bank of China?.Management Accounting Quarterly,9(3). Allah Rahmouni, A. F., Charaf, K. (2012). Success of ABC Projects in French Companies: The Influence of Organizational and Technical Factors.Cost Management,26(6), 12. Al-Omiri, M., Drury, C. (2007). Organizational and behavioral factors influencing the adoption and success of ABC in the UK.Cost Management,21(6), 38. Byrne, S., Stower, E., Torry, P. (2009). Is ABC adoption a success in Australia?.Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research,7(1), 37. DraÃ… ¾i? Lutilsky, I., Dragija, M. (2012). Activity based costing as a means to full costingpossibilities and constraints for European universities.Management: Journal of contemporary management issues,17(1), 33-57. DRURY, C. M. (2013).Management and cost accounting. Springer. ker, F., Ad?gzel, H. (2016). Time?driven activity?based costing: An implementation in a manufacturing company.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,27(3), 39-56. ker, F., zyapici, H. (2013). A new costing model in hospital management: time-driven activity-based costing system.The health care manager,32(1), 23-36. ker, F., zyapici, H. (2013). A new costing model in hospital management: time-driven activity-based costing system.The health care manager,32(1), 23-36. Senthil Velmurugan, M., Bte Wan Nahar, W. N. A. (2010). Factors determining the success or failure of ABC implementation.Cost Management,24(5), 35.

System Parameter Identification Elsevier

Questions: 1. Offer an example, real or imaginary, of firms in each of the following three situations. Thoroughly explain your examples with numbers.1a The firm created Added Value by increasing Customer Willingness to Pay1b The firm created Added Value by reducing Supplier Opportunity Cost1c The firm increased Customer Willingness to Pay, but failed to create Added Value.2. How can a firm that finds itself on the losing side of network effects survive? Requires one paragraph. 3. Explain why it is important for managers at all levels to be involved with decisions regarding the use and implementation of information system. Include discussion regarding what happens when they are not involved. Provide examples to support your statements. Requires a minimum of two paragraphs.4. What is the difference between classic information goods and information-intensive goods? Requires first defining both classic information and information intensive and then describing the differences please provide examples.5. The fact that information has had to rely on a physical carrier limits its ability to behave accordingly to its inherent characteristics and created a trade-off between richness and reach. Please explain this Richness and Reach Trade-off. Requires a minimum of two paragraphs.6. What is the difference between Business and Systems integration? Define Business Integration and define Systems Integration and then explain the difference with examples.7. Explain the ch anges in recent years in society, especially with regard to in technology usage, as it relates to the steady increase in; available computing power, available storage capacity, and improved networking technology. Include examples of both what has happened and what these trends suggest for the future.8. What is required for the successful design and implementation of an Information System? Requires two paragraphs.9. What are some key implications that stem from the notion of systemic effects and the fact that Information Systems exist in an organizational context? Requires two paragraphs.10. Please draw the socio-technical system diagram to show the components of information systems and the interaction among the components, and define a third-order information systems and organizational change?11. Imagine the following scenario: You manage a table restaurant in your town. You have been asked to implement wireless table ordering using portable wireless devices. This is clearly a situa tion where you need to design an Information System. Use the framework we have introduced in class to identify the most important components that will make up such Information System (be specific to the example of the restaurant).12.What are the three levels in the hierarchical organizational perspective? Identify the three levels and identify an information system that would assist with decisions and the work processes at the level, please include the reason you chose the information system.13.How does the process perspective help solve the problems associated with the hierarchical and functional perspectives? Describe the three perspectives and then answer the question.14.List and describe two advantages of Open Source Applications. 15.List and describe the three principal characteristics of Enterprise Systems. Answers: 1a. The consumers are willing to pay to the industry that has been produced or created of any shape or kind. For instance, making a cake involves supplier opportunity cost of $11 and firm cost is around $12 and the company fix price of cake of $18. Therefore, customers would will to pay $20. Therefore, value would be created of $9 in transformation process. 1b. Decreasing supplier opportunity costs would help in incentive creation for suppliers in order to supply the required resources for few amount. For example, increasing the production of paper by 30% would decrease the supplier opportunity costs by 15%. 1c. For example, the firm would be earning zero value added if the competitors charges less price on product and providing other beneficial such as gifts, coupons, etc. 2. The firm can be on the losing side if the products are made less valuable by the users. The people can make use of particular products more often which makes difficult for the firm to survive with the products as it leads to congestion. For example, if large numbers of users make use of internet then it can affect internet speed and utility of the users would decrease and will directly impact on service provider (Chen, 2013). 3. The role of managers is effective in the process of information system as they can provide strong guidance that may be related to network security and would be effective in coordinating entire technology operations. Moreover, they would be possessing required skills and experience regarding information system implementation. For example, if managers are not included then the management would find difficult in installing system and ensuring security of the system. 4. Classic Information good is that good that is valued for the message that it holds and product is digitized. For example, a book having short stories, pieces of music in CD, etc. Information intensive goods are related to information for developing product and services and making it available in the market. For example, book retail firm, telephone, etc (Nakahara and Sasaki, 2013). 5. Richness is comprised of the information that is reliable, secure, bandwidth or level of information, information customization to a sole buyer and interaction between seller and buyer. Therefore, rich information is developed which can be used for making strong decision. Further, reach trade-off relates with the people that take effective participation in exchanging or sharing information gained from richness. 6. Business integration is employed in order to make appropriate sync of information technology and objectives and cultures of business. System integration is a process that helps in combining the component subsystems into single systems so that business process can be streamlined. 7. The usage of technology has increased at tremendous pace. The people have started making more use of computer for transferring online message through e-mails and many industries install tracking system for effective management. For example, one person can store all their details in the computer with highest security. Moreover, the use of technology will used at higher rate in coming future (VojtaÃÅ' sÃÅ'Å’, 2013). 8. The information system expert is necessary for design and implementation of system. They can provide valuable information about systems pros and cons. On the other hand, the firm may require feasible hardware and software for the development of system. 9. The key implication is that systemic effects are involved in making interaction of information technology with other important components. Moreover, if changes are made in the component then it can have affect or impact all others. The information system is involved in organization in the form of computer system or any other monitoring device (Wang, 2013). 10. The third-order is effective in enhancing the process of the business by implementing information system in different departments. Therefore, it brings positive change in the organization performance. 11. In mobile application, the element will be users, designers and managers for developing feasible and useable app. In database, the elements will be technical platform, development tools and process system whereas in wireless table ordering, the elements would be order deliverables, workflow and communication with the users. 12. The three levels are corporate level strategies, business level strategies and functional level strategies. The directional IS would be feasible for first level, production monitoring system for second level and operation management system would be useful for the third level. These system would help the organization is gaining better productivity and higher performance. 13. The process perspective would be useful in combining the key process and activities of the company so that higher value can be provided to the consumers. The three perspectives are strategic improvement, process extension and market extension. 14. The application is secure as it can be accessible by everyone. Moreover, people can fix the bugs whenever they acknowledge one. Furthermore, quality will be improved and higher benefit would be received from technology in real time (Nakahara and Sasaki, 2013). 15. The three characteristics of Enterprise systems are: Integration: The data can be integrated and can be transferred with highest security. Adaptability: The member of an organization would develop capability to follow the norms and rule and be flexible to organizational change. Best practices: Enterprise system would help in ensuring best practice with the industry and ethical behavior among employees (Nakahara and Sasaki, 2013). References Chen, B. (2013).System parameter identification. London, UK: Elsevier. Nakahara, M. and Sasaki, Y. (2013).Quantum information and quantum computing. Singapore: World Scientific. VojtaÃÅ' sÃÅ'Å’, P. (2013).Information modelling and knowledge bases XXIV. Amsterdam: IOS Press. WANG, F. (2013). WMO Information System: Beijing Global Information System Center.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, p.130121120822004.