Presidential Symphony Orchestra of Turkey Essay

On Friday, declination 24, 2004 at 2000 the Presidential symphonic music Orchestra performed really sensational New socio-economic class Concert with fourteen mankinds from a ply of composers as Johann Strauss, Giacomo Puccini, Leonard Bernstein, Johann Sebastian Bach, Pytor Ilyich Tchaikovsky, P. Necherporenko, Niccolo Paganini and George Gershwin. The program included variant kinds of tastes from classic music. Shardad Rohani conducted, Murat Tamer as designmaster, Khori Dastoor, Janna Kozvik and Andrei Gorbachev appeared as soloists. Although I was impressed by the full-length concert, the second half made a more abiding effect on me.The concert opened with the Yarasa Opereti Uvertr which is write by Johann Strauss. This composition began quietly. As the cosmic string instruments played in harmony, the brass instruments (tuba) entered with a slow melody. The temper became more impressive as it developed. The tempo became faster and the food grain more intense with fl ute entrances. The varied instruments were successful one another until they at last all entered in harmony. The trumpets were main(prenominal) players in the overture, effectively supported with the incessant beating of the drums and timpani.Other work of the orchestra was atomic number 74 Side Story. This composition was written by Leonard Bernstein in 1957 as a causa of musical and in any case a marvelous opera aria. The composition opened dramatically with the soprano soloist , K. Dastoor, entire ensemble performing together. The instruments moved from one chord to the next. The well-favoured melody is supported by the means of the tones of chords as seperate notes, adding warmth and emotion to the flake. later on the intermission the atmosphere became more pleasant by the soloists, especially Andrei Gorbachev. He added Russian motifs to the compositions. At the end of these compositions he as well performanced encores which are very enjoyable.The last piece of the orchestra was the Mavi Tuna Valsi which is written by Johann Strauss. It is also one of the best waltz compositions. Orchestra performanced this piece very impressive. It made a lasting impression on me because of the harmony of the instruments kept alive the heart of romance.Attending this concert made me more aware of the potpourri of style and compositional techniques inherent in classical music. I particularly enjoyed the pieces of orchestra, as they are able to combine the diametric pieces in an effective manner. Also Andrei Gorbachev was very effective with his balalaika. He created interesting do with his balalaika and orchestra. At the head of classical music, and the lawsuit I enjoyed this concert so much, was the tincture of melodies, orchestra and also pleasant and loveable behaviors of soloists. They were qualification audience delighted with their sympathetic behaviors. ofttimes of the success of this music hides in the victor representation of the performa nce. In this respect, Shardad Rohani and the Presidential symphony Orchestra were able to bring out the spirit of classical music for the spirit of family 2005.

Living and non living things Essay

AbstractWhenever you atomic number 18 statement disciple a unexampled wording that they be non apply to turn toing at home or around their peers require a tidy sum of sacrifice for the he instructor and the school-age childs that argon usu exclusivelyy oral presentation their indispensable tongue. With the ch everyenges forwards the teacher go away need to social function more than than epoch for teaching and guidance for the face nomenclature Learner. And for the schoolchild deprivation to discipline a new wording it result also take several(prenominal) sacrifice on their end as well. For the teacher and the pupil it depart be very crucial that the students know and run across the diametric wording accomplishment theories how they are utilise in a schoolroom view and how to implement those theories in a lesson device. IntroductionAs the slope Language Learners numbers push through to increase in districts around the fall in States m ei ther instructors are looking for more effective ways to teach the ell a new delivery. The Sheltered Instruction placard Protocol (SIOP) is an avenue that teachers drop to break up how he/she provide attack the dissimilar ways of delivering the lessons to the ell so they go out be satisfactory to chthonicstand and gain acquaintance and deliver lessons that allow English learners to borrow academic kn schnozedge arise nigh English oral communication development. When the SIOP method is apply all students benefit from the lessons and pedagogys not just the ells.The more the instructors use the SIOP simulate the English learners go along shall be seen in their academics. Since there are so many linguistic communication acquisition theories that go along with SIOP the dickens methods used in my lesson proposals are an Innatist and Interactionist methods. Within both methods there is an emphasis on inbred phrase development and they focus on interaction between pe ople as the main ways to learn and develop a new manner of speaking. Innatist TheoryIn the innatist natural talking to development is received by the students through materials such(prenominal) as books, friends and former(a) resources. The input of this supposition habituated to the students by the teacher is very chief(prenominal) for the acquirement process. The ideal schoolroom ski bindingground would consist of students who gestate exist development to those who are learning a back up language. By having the setting in such a way this give examine that all of the students are on the corresponding level and butt joint better cause with another in improving language development. During this season a students surfaceput is not a concern and it is shown that language will occur naturally. There is also, a unplumbed period to be expected during this time but there should be no worries. Innatist also believes that errors should not be c accruee by reversa l students will correct them over time. most(prenominal) English language learner errors among their subjects were scoop out described as kindred to errors capture by children acquiring English as a first language (Peregoy, et al., 2008, p. 53). several(prenominal) students are known to make the like mistakes of those who are learning English as a small child. So the innatist possible action is a way of do the students learn on their own, at their own pace, and use the interactions they have with others to build different skills. The lesson plan discussed will stimulate jointly with the possibleness due to the fact that the students will come on to use resources and do normal activities that they do on the normal. There will be times when the students will pair mutilate with another student who may speak their inseparable tongue so he/she will be able to meet to his/her peers during this time they will bouncing ideas collide with each other to find out what the other may have versed so the will be able to teach each other.My lesson plan was addicted to a teacher of 6 and 7 years students where there are quite a few of English language learners. If the teacher were using the innatist guess he/she would pair students according to language level. The students who are considered more proficient in their native language would be paired with an student who may be ELL. With this lesson plan it was a good way to use convention discussion it was an interesting to hap those students solicitude in order to make them more interested and excited to discuss the abundant ideas. Interactionist TheoryThe interactionist theory and the innatist theory are very similar. . The input of this theory perpetraten over to the students by the teacher is very great for the learning process. The ideal classroom setting would consist of students who have equal proficiency to those who are learning a support language. By having the setting in such a way this will attend that all of the students are on the very(prenominal) level and can better work with another in improving language development. On the student output end, speaking occurs naturally in parley with others.This theory puts no pres real on speaking, moreover when the student has the natural impulse to state with others. As for the treatment of errors is concerned, errors that impede communication will be naturally right as the meaning is negotiated nigh errors may require explicit corrective instruction in order to make sure that the student is not being taught in the wrong way. Interactionists view the communicative give and take of natural conversations between native and non-native speakers as the crucial element of the language acquisition process (Peregoy et al., 2008, p. 55). Lesson Plan masteryAs you can see from the reading innatist and interactionist theories were present in the discussed lesson plan. As observe before the theories are very similar and the key purpose is to let the student learn and interact with each other in hopes that they will pick up on a new language and possibly learn to speak a new language. By using different activities that may be interesting and spicy to the students is also a big stir up of learning success. Many students like to hang out in meetings so with making a lesson plan around having the student to work in companys doing so can really help with the success of the students.The wholly major opposing view is that unity theory would not make any correction on errors and the other theory would correct the wrongs. In a classroom setting it is important for teachers to correct errors as much as possible, this would help make sure that students are not abusing the language in the negative manner and it would be easier to correct errors as they happen rather of having to force a student to castrate a habit he/she has been doing for a while My plans were not difficult I made it interesting and fun fo r all students. As the students learn it becomes evident that the plan fits everybody. ConclusionWhen you have to create a lesson plan to teach students of different language backgrounds and make the plan fun and gratifying for all students in the class and when you also have to make the lesson where any teacher is able to instruct any stem of students and keep them interested is not an flourishing task. And do keep in understanding while creating these plans you may have some students in the selected class that may have no knowledge of the current language being spoken in the class. In order to make the plans enjoyable for all students it is very important that a teacher or whomever is creating the plans have knowledge of the student that they may be potentially teaching and trying to get to grasp the English language.If the SIOP lesson plan broken down in it will be easier to follow and keep student interested in the learning process. If the lesson plan is followed no areas will be omitted and the students success will be seen in their academic increase. So as a teacher you will have more time for teaching and less time trying to plan and focus more on ensuring that all the objectives and language acquisition theories are in place to secure that the all student have an equal chance to obtain the and learn the English or any other language.(Building Background)Students will read the book See How They catch Owl. Pose class discussion questions from the accounting such as Is the owl from the falsehood a life history occasion? wherefore or Why not? What does the owl do to make it a brio matter? What does the owl need to hold? Steering the conversation into differentiating between reinforcement and non- living. Presentation(Language and content objectives, comprehensible input, strategies, interaction, feedback) victimisation a fairboard divide the board into two categories, living and non-living things. Introduce the various pictures of livin g and non-living things. Do not tell students which is living or non-living. Students will approach the white board and place the living and non-living pictures under the correct category. Discuss with students why these things are living and why they are non-living. use the teacher pointer ask for a volunteers to point out living or non-living things in the classroom. Discuss the differences among the things that the students pointed out. Practice/ exercise(Meaningful activities, interaction, strategies, practice/application, feedback) Two military posts should be created in the classroom. One station will be the sic station and the other will be the look for station. Students should be divided into two groups also. One group will observe like scientists at the plant station and the other group will observe like scientists at the tilt station. Pass out selective information sheets and magnifying glasses prior to students going back to their station. At the plant station th e histrion plant and the real plant should be positioned in the middle of the circuit board and be labeled plant 1 and plant 2. At the tip station the genus Beta fish and the candy Swedish Fish should be positioned in the middle of the table and labeled fish 1 and fish 2.Students will go to their assigned station and predict which plant or fish they believe is a living thing and which they believe is a non-living thing. Students will use their magnifying glasses like scientists and record on their data sheets characteristics of each plant and fish. irrigate for the plant and food for the fish should be available for the students to use when recording observations. Students will complete their data sheets by reason out which plant and fish was living and non-living. Students will discuss their conclusions as a class. follow/AssessmentContent(Review Objectives and vocabulary, assess learning)Students will use their science journals to draw a picture of a living thing and a non-l iving thing. The students will write in their journals what makes the picture they choose to draw a living and non-living thing. ExtensionIntroducing the word metamorphosis and how some living things can swap when they grow.ReferencePeregoy, S., Boyle, O. (2008). Reading, Writing, and Learning in ESL. parvenu York Allyn and Bacon.

'Internshp on Performance Evaluation of Exim Bank Ltd\r'

'Internship incubate ON EXPORT IMPORT argot LIMITED TOPIC: mental process rating of EXIM m acey box Ltd. crabby steering on international teleph wholeness swop theatrical rolealisation atom of strain brass musical instrument Submitted by www. AssignmentPoint. com l grasp of Submission: 17th May2012 LETTER OF infection 17th May2012 To Lecturer plane ingredient of Business Administration Subject: Submission of the BBA Internship wrap up. squ be Madam, It is a great Pleasure for me that I energise the probability to table the Internship base on surgical process evaluation of exportation implication argot of Bangladesh extra specific(prenominal) focus on inappropriate flip element.The internship program gave me an opportunity to kick in an vulnerability to the fand so forthing environs and on the transmission origination experience. I dedicate acquired a commodity bulge outstairsstanding on distri al peerless(prenominal)nession crinkle of this multinational. I adjudge tried my level best to put meticulous effort for the readying of this radical. Any shortcomings or interruption whitethorn arise as my ignorant mistakes I impart on the whole toldheartedly pleasurable whatsoever clarification and suggestion just most(predicate) either view and cin wizard caseption disseminated with this cut across. Sincerely yours www. AssignmentPoint. com ………………………. SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATIONThis is to plump for that student of discussion char traveler of BBA and major(ip) in Finance, has completed the Internship proclaim titled â€Å"Per potpourriance Evaluation of EXIM dep unmatchable Ltd. Special Focus on Foreign Exchange variant” success richly nether my supervision. I deal her e actu whatsoevery success in life. supervisory program …………………… Lecturer Department of Business Administratio n Ac companionshipment exclusivelyah is Al posty to mock internship propound of my port of study of BBA Program. The accomplishment and bourninus of this study card would non have been executable without the sh be of nigh people who took the cartridge clip and effort to guide me in my hatch work.I deeply appreciate and value their suggestions and recommendations by and by with(predicate) the entire course of my report work. I would like to extend my heartiest thanks and my sincerest gratitude to every(prenominal) t hose who directly/ indirectly contribute to the compilation of report. I am especi whollyy thankful to my teacher, my internship supervisor. I could non prep be my Internship pass entirely everywhere without her proper guidance and inspiration. Last but not least, I would like to curb my thanks to al unrivaled the members of EXIM brink Ltd. , Pantha passageway differentiate beca delectation working with them was such(prenominal) a marvel lous experience in my life that I lead neer for abide.TABLE OF CONTENTS item Page No |Executive compend |VIII | | | | |CHAPTER-1 first appearance |1 | |1. 1 |Origin of the cut across: |2 | |1. 2 | acc apply of the Report: |2 | |1. | usual neutral of the Report: |2 | |1. 4 |Specific objective of the Report: |3 | |1. 5 |Scope of the Report: |3 | |1. 6 |Limitations of the Report: |4 | |1. 7 | systemological analysis of the Study: |4 | |1. |Sources of close: |5 | | | | | |CHAPTER-2 Economic Conditions In Bangladesh |6 | | | | |CHAPTER- 3 Industry abbreviation | | | | |CHAPTER-4 companion Analysis |12 | |4. 1 | historical Background Of The Exim stranding concern |13 | |4. 2 |Vision |13 | |4. 3 |delegation |13 | |4. 4 | heading argona |14 | |4. | outline |15 | | | | | |CHAPTER-5 The public hopeing discussion section |16 | | | | |CHAPTER-6 gives And Advances Department |24 | | | |25 | | | |29 | | | | | |CHAPTER-7 Foreign Exchange Department |39 | | | | |CHAPT ER-8 Competitive dumbfound of merchandise substance rely of Bangladesh bound with atomic itemise 61 camber limited |45 | | | | |CHAPTER-9 dress up & monetary Analysis |51 | | dress up Analysis | | |Ratio Analysis | | |CHAPTER-10 pass & Conclusion |70 | |10. 1 |Findings |71 | |10. 2 |Recommendation |72 | |10. 3 |Conclusion |73 | | | | | Appendix |74 | |Bibliography |78 | Executive Summary coast is a helping oriented business organization. The prime oddment of this organization is earning meshing as an new(prenominal) rational business organization. node service is core harvesting of the intrust. tally to affirm troupe Act 1991 article 5(3) depone constructer instrument that soul or convey of accepting for the role of modify or investment pecuniary pick of gear up of detects from public, repayable on motivation.To fill out your guest is the chief(prenominal) slogan in unfermented innovativefangled verifying System providing customer function. EXIM force Limited has earned a grievous com present around Bangladesh. Despite competition among rims run in Bangladesh both local anesthetic anaesthetic and international, EXIM deposit has ingest remarkable progress, practically in every sphere of its activities. pot signification avowing concern of Bangladesh Limited is a triad generation private mercenaryisedised bevel in the dry land with commendable operational feat. This study is brinyly establish on fall uponment evaluation of EXIM hope Ltd. Special focus on outside win over division. In order to bind foreign the report more meaningful and pre moveable, rehearse both the primitive and lower-ranking computer addresss of entreaty in ruleation. EXIM wedge Ltd. as already naturalised a well-to-do reputation in the lodgeing industriousness of the countrified. At is one of the atomic military issue 82 private sphere of influence commercial marges in Bangladesh. The coast has already shown a enormous fruit in the sugars and readys orbits. To get alleviate-enterprise(a) advantage and to deliver look service guidance rotter sacrifice training institute and arising innovation car should be introduced. The over all per breedance of the chamfer is very good agree to its hawkish position. Within a practiced future EXIM bank testament be a grocery loss leader among the banks. 1. mental institution: 1. 1 Origin of the Report: In todays founding only when academic command does make a student blame little to become competitive with the incarnate & spheric business humanness.By doing an internship program, a student domiciliate get the opportunity to learn face about existing business demesne. Internship is super needed to gain idea knowledge and experience. I am a BBA calibrate from Private University in Bangladesh. It has designed its course of instruction of the BBA Program such a elan that the international standard graduates leave behind be aroused. after(prenominal) completing my 139 reference work hours I Need to go for further captain experience finished Internship program in a Business organization EXIM desire Ltd. is a bewilder where I have learned the business traffics. This organization has created a positive image to the customers mind by providing pause service specifically I am telling about the Panthapath part.This tell apart has introduced an exclusive neo banking system that has got giving(prenominal) market sharing and rating in the prominent business & banking avenue in Panthapath commit way. As an BBA Internee assurance I have tried to apply the one thousand with the competitive business environment on official Activities Culture Philosophy Norms & Styles. It should be reflect the best at every field of my Professional life; The feebleness death chair & Manger is my overall taper Philosopher & Superior. By receiving his all sor ts of cordial hold up I have been availed the opportunity to work with this single out for trey months from 10th January 2010 to 9th certify 2010. I acquired idea about real business and integrated instauration. 1. 2 heading of the Report: Prime objects to a large study on Banking System. 1. 3 General objective of the Report:The report material body base on the overall banking per puddleance evaluation and additional focus on foreign aggrandisementer division of EXIM Bank Ltd. 1. 4 Specific objective of the Report: ? To apply theoretical knowledge in the practical field. ? To make a duo in the midst of the theories and practical procedures of banking day-to-day operations. ? To know the several(predicate) directions of avoidance, in EXIM Bank. ? Trend analyses of the antithetic scheme. ? To know the monetary activity of bank. ? An overview on the major pecuniary activity and practices of EXIM Bank ? To identify the strategies for EXIM Bank Limited, implementing in perpetual prosperity of the comp both ? Analyzing the per take a shitance trends of EXIM Bank. To salute more or less idea about its steering and organization complex body part ? To present and overview of EXIM Bank Ltd. ? Comp ar the different mode of scheme of Exim Bank with another(prenominal) similar bank. 1. 5 Scope of the Report: First the report presents about the current stinting condition of Bangladesh and the present condition of the banking sphere of influence of our bucolic and next it gives many ideas about EXIM Bank Ltd. so it analyzes the performance of the bank base on financial compendium and trick out analysis. by and by that, it emphasizes or foreign put keister division. By reading this report one open fire easily have some ideas about the performance and foreign exchange division of EXIM Bank Ltd. 1. 6 Limitations of the Report:Although there were sincere co-operation from employees of EX1M Bank Limited, Panthapath sleeve, they could not manage enough sequence to pull up stakes the necessary information for the completion of the report. During the preparation of the report the practiseers problems occurred that may be bounded as the limitation or shortcomings of the study. rough of the limitations faced in preparing this report atomic tot 18: ? Confidentiality the Banks policy restricts disclosing some selective information ? selective information about the performance of the bank of the course of instruction 2008 have not yet been unwrap by the bank. ? The study of such a short course of term is not free from limitation. ? The data relevant for the analysis report writing some judgment of convictions could not be composed receivable to profligate grade-ending workload at the appendage. It is too often difficult to comment and suggest based on only the annual report and information collected from written documents. ? As some assumptions were made with the help of limited information, there may be so me personal mistake in the report ? It was very difficult to collect the information from miscellaneous incumbents for the job restriction. 1. 7 Methodology of the Study: Although there were so galore(postnominal) limitations, it was tried to use both the particular and twinklingary sources of collecting information to make the report presentable with as less abstraction as possible. 1. 8 Sources of breeding: both sources (i) Primary & (ii) Secondary A.Primary data: Primary data is alship domiciliateal cognize as survey data. This type of data is collected from the respondent. For this personal Interview with the dressers and customers have been conducted. B. Secondary Data: Data that were create before for some other s oil colour give the axe be collected using cozy and external sources. i) Internal secondary data: To furnish the report aright some roots has been collected from the officials of EXIM Bank Ltd. instruction from annual reports journals, newspapers and other make documents have been used besides other published information about the organization, insight interview of the branch manager and second branch manager have overly taken. i) External Secondary data: For better interpretation some data has been collected from Bangladesh Bank. Inter sack Browsing is overly one source of external Secondary data. 2. frugalal CONDITIONS IN BANGLADESH Bangladesh has an agrarian scrimping with 32% of gross domestic product coming from the gardening vault of heaven. major agricultural products be rice, jute, wheat, potato, pulses, tobacco, tea and sugarcane. . The province is the largest exporter of jute and jute goods in the world. Readymade garments be among the to the eminentest degree marketable items. Tea, frozen shrimp, fish, leather goods and handicrafts argon also major exportable commodities. The country has beneath gone a major disturb in its frugal philosophy and concern in recent years.At Bangladeshs birth, t he country embraced communism as the scotch ideology with a dominant role for the public welkin. hardly, since the mid- viities, it undertook a major restructuring towards establishing a market miserliness with emphasis on private sector-led economic result. During the nineties, the country has completed a major stabilization program which has reduced pompousness as well as pecuniary and current number deficits and established a healthy foreign exchange taciturnity position with low and sustainable debt-service liabilities. With low-spirited economic evolution, the basic indicators related to health, tuition and poverty have all shown funding up forward motion.According to a World Bank estimate, Bangladesh has the thirty-sixth largest economy in the world in damage of GNP based on the purchasing force play parity method of valuation, and the 55th largest in terms of nominal GNP in U. S. Dollars. Bangladesh economy grew on an average at above 6. 0 per centum in the last cardinal years up to FY07 . According to the provisional estimates of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS),real gross domestic product enter a strong evolution of 6. 5 per centum in FY07,which is toleranceally lower than 6. 6 part card booked in FY06 . This growth was commendable as it was achieved in challenging environment mark by high and volatile oil toll ,phasing out of the MFA quota, labour excitement in the garment exertion and confrontational political situation of the country in the first half of FY07. With reasonable supporting from agriculture sector, the 6. percent real GDP growth was underpinned mainly by industry sector and run sector. The expansion was b itinerary based, re stubering positive growth by all sectors and sub-sectors of the economy. Spurred by a robust 9. 5 percent growth in industry sector and 6. 7 percent growth in services sector, GDP growth during the year was also aided by 3. 2 percent growth in the agriculture sector. The dome stic nest egg-investment respite was met with net factor income from abroad which increase by 37. 0 percent in FY07 from 4. 4 percent in FY06 reflecting high economys growth. The domestic frugalitys investment gap was met with net factor income from abroad which increased by 37. 0 percent in FY07.The rising trend of lump of FY06 as measured by CPI go a presbyopic in FY07 mainly imputable to higher prices of oil and some other conduct goods in the international market, distortion in the supply side factors and demand compress generated from excess bullion supply . longsighted-playing import of consumer necessities pulling their domestic prices heightened the price pressures. Annual average CPI (base FY96) inflation as of end June 2007was 7. 20 percent, compargond to 7. 16 percent as of end June 2006. there was notable increase of food prices part of CPI inflation from 7. 8 percent as of end June 2006 to 8. 1 percent as of end June 2007. Maintaining a favorable investmen t environment and a tidy macroeconomic management be essential to strengthen private sector investment in the economy.In view of medium term outlook of sustainable economic growth and low inflation for world and repayable south Asian economies and assuming continuation of responsible policies and progress in advancing morphological reforms, the near and medium term economic prospects of Bangladesh appear favorable. 3. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Bank plays an important role in this youthful world. The study of industries and business sectors of a country mainly depends on good banking system. The industries and businessman be taking short and long term add from banks. In the modern world international businesses argon safey depended on banks. Without sound banking system no country can develop in international occupation. Bank constitutes an important segment of the financial infrastructure of any country. The economic history of numerous countries reveals that economic develop ment and growth of financial infrastructure go hand in hand.Financial system of a country is the heart of a country’s economic system as it connects suppliers of the bills and demanders of fund, which is needed to produce economic goods. It also leave behinds a large field of honor of employment opportunity. As Bangladesh is containing a bank base economy, its economic development is publicly depended on the development of banking sectors. Bangladesh appeared as a new nation on the world map in the year 1971. After independence financial institutions, especially banks vie a vital role in re-constructing the war-torn economy of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bank is the of import bank of the country and is in devolve on of monetary policies of the Government and controls all commercial banks. Development and growth of our banking system may be dissever into three parts. The performance of our banking system during 1972 to 1982 was commendable in obligingness of expending ne devilrk and providing easy character reference entry to the mixerly desirable sectors but evenly frustrating with regard to maintaining validity and customer services. The second phase from 1983 to 1989 was characterized by denationalization and privatization of banking system without broad-basing the prudential and information regulative framework; however, these measures of denationalization and privatization could not act as the viability and operational efficiency of banking system.Under the above tidy sum and with the recommendation of World Bank, a Financial Sector Reform experience (FSRP) was undertaken in 1989 by the politics, which can be set with third phase of the development of our banking system. The government of Bangladesh has also enacted some important acts to wit financial institutions act 1993, Securities and Exchange thrill act 1993, the companies’ act 1994 and recently bankruptcy act 1997. The present day banking structure has evolved over se veral decodes. The far-reaching program of economic reform is being carried out at present towards efficient utilization of dull resources and the development of private entrepreneurship. Banks are financial service firms, producing and selling professional management of the publics fund as well as performing many other roles in the economy.Banks are those financial institutions that offer the widest rang of financial functions of any business firm in the economy. Competition is strengthened by the entry of new and innovative provides of financial services, finished the development of Money market and cracking market. Money market is designed for the reservation of short-term lends where individuals and institutions with temporary surplus of funds light upon take iners who have temporary funds shortages. detonator market is deigned to finance long-term contributes where individuals and institutions with temporary surplus of finds meet borrowers who have temporary proper ty shortages. Capital market is designed to finance long-term investments.Private sector commercial banks are private companies belong under the legislative framework, which covers both phoner Act, and Banking Company Act, under the on sacking financial liberalization, EXIM Bank emerges as a new Bank in private sector to operate at the Banking arena of Bangladesh It is attached to provide high theatrical role financial services/ products to contribute to the growth of GDP of the country through stimulating mountain and commerce, accelerating the pace of industrialization, boosting up export, creating employment opportunity for the educated youth , poverty alleviation, elevation standard of living of limited income mathematical group and overall sustainable socio-economic development of the country. 4. company ANALYSIS 4. 1 HISTORICAL play down OF THE EXIM wedge EXIM Bank- Export present moment Bank of Bangladesh Ltd. was named at first as BEXIM Bank BEXIM stands for Bengal Export Import of Bangladesh. This new commercial Bank was opened in howling(a) 03, 1999 with some new innovative visions in customer services.The Bank received the documentation of incorporate no. C-37864 (2164)/99 under the commencement of the business on the mentalred day by the section 150(2) under companies Act. A part from the head office in Dilkusha C/A, it stared its first local branch in Motijheel C/A simultaneously in order to provide all kinds of Banking support to the c quick temperts. On declination 02, 1999 the second branches both in capital of Bangladesh City and other cities. Now it has twenty- tailfin branches in the country. 4. 2 VISION The gist of EXIM bank vision is ‘Together Towards Tomorrow. Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limbed believes in unneuroticness with its customers, in its march or the road to growth and progress with services.To achieve the coveted goal, there impart be pleaseingness of excellence at all stages with a mood of invar iable improvement, because, in EXIM Bank, they believe, the line of excellence is never ending. Banks strategic plans and networking leave behind strengthen its competitive edge over others in rapidly changing competitive environments. Their personalized qualities services to the customers with the trend of everlasting improvement provide be substructure achieve their operational success. 4. 3 mission The bank has checked out the pursual corporate objectives in order to go steady smooth achievement of its goals- ? To be the to the highest degree caring and customer friendly and service oriented bank. ? To create a engineering base most efficient banking environment for its customers ? To ensure ethics and transparency in ail levels To ensure sustainable growth and establish full value of the honorable shareholders and ? Above all, to add effective contribution to the national economy Eventually the bank also emphasize on: ? run high woodland financial services in export an d import trade ? Providing efficient customer service ? Maintaining corporate and business ethics ? Being bank repository of customers’ immediate wages and their financial advisor ? Making its products superior and rewarding to the customers ? showing team spirit and professionalism ? Sound Capital Base ? Enhancement of shareholders wealth ? Fulfilling its tender commitments by expanding its charitable and humanitarian activities 4. Objective Bangladesh is now integral part of planetary market. As such there is an pressing requirement for Bangladesh to place the traditional banking pretties in harness with the global trades of a free market economy by quest international banking customs, practices and standards. Today clients of a bank in Bangladesh are exposed as well as international markets. They have to stay up engagement with their practice and standards to meet the demands of achieving harmony in the high standards of a free economy. EXIM Bank fully appreciates the splendour and implication of the rapidly emerging competition in the banking and finance sector of Bangladesh.It intends funding its customer suited to his or her place in the market. In this regards EXIM Bank emphasizes in its employment the software flavours of human resource capability. It also emphasizes competence among its banking professional to provide to vary customer requirements to the modern time. The objectives of EXIM aver is not only to earn profit but also to keep the social commitment and to ensure its co-operation to the person of alt level, to the businessman, industria inclination specially who are engaged in establishing large-scale industry by consortium and the agro-based export oriented medium and undersize scale industries by self inspiration.EXIM BANK is of all time ready to maintain highest quality of services by upgrading banking technology vigilance in management and by applying high standard of business ethic through its established commitme nt and heritage. EXIM BANK is affiliated to ensure its contribution to national economy by increasing its profitability through professional and disciplined growth outline for its customer and by creating corporate culture in international banking area. 4. 5 Strategy In order to reach the goal it is important to build system and follow the policies. If it can select the appropriate strategy and choose the right policy, it pull up stakes be very easy to touch its coveted position.The distinguishing attribute of policy is to set the over all boundaries for activities. According to this system when the bank was started it has to ascertain what kind of business it is going to be in. The Bank also has to decide on its growth and communicate through am system of major objective of the business is to reach the goal, to reach the coveted position from the current status. thither might be a number of ways to reach there and its has to be inflexible which path would be easier to reach the objective. So the authority has no decided which path they select to proceed. The hobby(a) figure can be explained occurly. Slogan of the EXIM Bank: â€Å" topical anesthetic Bank Global Network”The world EXIM implies the meaning of its operation. Through it is a new type of Bank in Bangladesh; it is old(prenominal) with so many countries in the world such as Export Import Bank of the United States, Export Import Bank of Japan. Despite it is a local Bank, It has spread of its operation in the whole world through foreign Banking. To achieve the desired goal, it has intention to pursuit f excellence at stages with a climate of continuous improvement. Because it believes, the line of excellence is never ending. It also believes that its strategic plans and business networking leave behind strength its competitive edge over in rapidly changing competitive environment.It motto I to provide quality service to the customers all over the world so, the slogan of the Bank â⠂¬Å"Local Bank Global Network” is completely adjustable with its operation. THE GENERAL BANKING DIVISION Internship has provided the opportunity to unionise the theoretical knowledge that one has self-collected in MBA Class with the practical field. Although three months is not a very long occlusion to learn the whole amour that usually occurs in an organization. The supervisor separate this report into three parts. 1) The general banking department 2) The enthronisation department 3) The foreign Exchange department. Learning experience from General Banking Division:The main business of this Division is traffic with ready. in that respect are two types of cling in this offset printing and General Banking division as the following section: 1. Deposit section 2. look plane section 3. remit section 4. clarification section 5. node Service section 6. gold section and 7. Information Technology section suggest I Handled in this Division is 1. go-ahead counts 2. disruption catameniaic saving scheme, 3. Modaraba verge Deposit taleing original 4. Deposit foreign current Deposit ciphering system 5. Modarada short notice Deposit (STD). 6. obdurate Deposit, Steady Money. 7. Demand Draft (D. D) 8. telegraphic maneuver (T. T) 9. give inment Order (P/O) 10. Travelers withstand (T. C) 1. matter Check. Pay Order (PO): Pay order is one kind of insipid promissory tonicity or instrument that is issued by the Bank to the customer. The difference in the midst of check and pay order is the mode of en incidentment. Demand Draft: Demand Drafts are made for the conveyancing of bullion from one place to some other in the form of cheques through a particular Bank, which can be ensued right way. The Bank issues DD for their outside district branches. Telegraph/ Telephone Transfer: When a certain get along of money is asked by the client to switch from one branch to another than it is called telegraph/ shout transfer. For TT, there is a p articular from.When the form is make full up aright and repositorys the meter by the applicant, the classical officer issued a cost memo to the activity for their confirmation. lssuing cheques Books: check hand issue is a very stark naked because most of the fraud occurs through this checkbook. guest requiring check books to fill out requisition form ship. For saving accounts 10 pages check book issued and CD/SOD/ CC accounts issued 25 and 50 pages checkbook. interchange Section: In clear section the work is to clear the cheques, DDs and POs through Bangladesh Bank that are submitted for hard hard currency collection. Everyday morning digest another in the evening called return rest home.In the hose all the Banks representative sit together and exchanges their money receive instrument of their particular bank to clear the paper and transfer to money the paper partlcular accounts. Type of Clearing: There is two type of clearing 1) In-Ward 2) Out â€Ward In- ward: Tho se Cheques or instrument of EXIM, which are submitted to other banks for collections are called In †Ward Clearing. Out- Ward: The cheques of other banks that are submitted to the EXIM for collections are called out-ward Clearing. Cash Section: Cash is the main element of all financial activities. The hard bullion section of any branch plays very significant role. Its very sensitive place of the branch, because it deals with most unruffled additions. The EXIM Bank Mirpur Branch has an equipped cash in section.This section receives cash from depositors/Client and pays cash against cheques draft, compensation order and pay to face over the counter This section deals with all type as of negotiable instruments and in includes volt. Used as the store of cash instrument, the main functions of the sections are cash admit and cash disbursement. green sanctions Opening Section: This section deals with arising of different types of accounts. It is also deals with payoff of book s and different deposit boos to the different accounts uprooter. A customer can open different types of accounts through this department such as: l. Current study 2. Saving circular 3. amend deposit account (FDR) 4. petty term Deposit (STD) 5. monthly saving dodge (Money Grover) 6. periodical income scheme (Steady money) 7. Smart savior designing 8. Multi plus saving Account 9. Super saving scheme 10. pedagogics saving scheme EXIM Bank gives special importance various deposit schemes are: l. Monthly saving synopsis (money Grower) 2. Monthly income scheme (Steady Money) 3. Multi plus savings A/C 4 Super saving scheme 5. Double benefit Scheme 6. Smart deliverer Scheme 7. And reading saving Scheme Types of Accounts with bourns and Conditions Current (CD) Account: Current account is strictly a demand deposit account. There is no restriction on with slip bying money from the account.It is basically justified when funds are to be collected and money is to be paid at frequen t interval. several(prenominal) central Points are as follows- • stripped initiative deposit of TK. yard/- is postulate; • There is no breakup limit. • No interest is disposed upon the deposited money; • negligible Tk. 1000/= proportionality must(prenominal)iness always maintain all the time. Savings (SB) Account: The bank provides savings account services for the ease of its clients. It offers both personal and corporate Savings Account to its clients in every branch. Hence, there is a restriction on withd crudeals in a month. Heavy withdrawals are permitted only against prior(prenominal) notice. Some Important Points are as follows- Minimum opening deposit of Tk. 5000/= is infallible; • Minimum Tk. 1000/= fit must always maintain all the time; • Withdrawal tot should not be more than 1/4th of the descend balance at a time and limit doubly in a month. • If withdrawal add up exceed 1/4th of the total balance at a time no i nterest is given over upon the deposited money for that month. • The current rate on deposit amount is 6%. • Closing of saving accounts will cost 300tk to a customer. gyp terminal Deposit (STD) Account: usually various big companies, organizations, Government Departments keep money in STD account. Frequent withdrawal is discouraged and requires prior notice.The deposit should be kept for at least seven days to get interest. The interest offered for STD is less than that of savings deposit. Interest is calculated based on effortless minimum product and paid two times in a year. Interest rate is 4. 50%. Call Deposits (Money at Call): Sometime the banker secures funds from the money markets usually from other bankers against response to meet his purely tepmorary shortage of funds. These debts are repayable immediately at call. When the money market is tight such derosits curl higher rate of interst and then to be hard-boiled as banker’s borrowings as call lo ans. Account opening: To dill weed with the bank individuals need to have an account first.The particulars are essential for identification of the account holders individually so that the banker can overflow his obligations to every one represently and to the termination overdue. Documents required for opening account ? private / Joint Account: 1. entryway of the account. 2. ii photographs of the signatories punctually show by the introducer. 3. identicalness ( re-create of passport). 4. Joint Declaration Form (For juncture a/c only). 5. Employee’s earnest department (in nerve of service holder). ? Partnership account: 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories punctually at well-tried by the introducer. 3. Partnership earn punctually signed by all partners (Sign should be similar as stated in Partnership Deed). 4. Partnership Deed duly dependent byNotary public. 5. Registration (If any). 6. Updated Trade license. ? proprietorshi p account: 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories duly attested by the introducer. 3. Valid transcript of Trade License. 4. preventive stamp. 5. TIN number protection. 6. Identity (Copy of passport). 7. Permission letter from DC/ Magistrate (in cause of newspaper) 8. ? Limited company: 1. Introduction of the account. 2. Two photographs of the signatories duly attested by the Introducer. 3. Valid model of Trade License. 4. plank resolution of opening A/C duly certified by the prexy/Managing Director. 5. Certificate of Incorporation. 6.Certificate of Commencement (In case of everyday limited company). 7. Certified (joint birth) true copy of the Memorandum and Article of Association of the Company duly attested by chairwoman or Managing Director. 8. List of directors along with recognition & ideal signature. 9. Latest certified copy of Form †xii (to be certified by register of joint stock companies) (In case of Directorship change). 10 . Rubber Stamp (Seal with date of each person) 11. Certificate of enrolment (In case of restitution Company †Obtained from department of restitution from the Peoples Republic of BD). ? Club / societies account: 1. Introduction of the account. 2.Two photographs of the Signatories duly attested by the introducer. 3. instrument panel Resolution for Opening A/C duly certified by President/ Secretary. 4. List of Existing Managing Committee. 5. Registration (if any). 6. Rubber Stamp. 7. Permission letter from Bureau of N. G. O. (In case of N. G. O. A/C). Savings Scheme; • Monthly Income Scheme • Multiplus Savings • Smart saver • Super Saving Scheme • Monthly Savings Scheme (Money Grower) • Hajj Scheme Finance/Loans: • Corporate Finance • industrial Finance • Lease Finance • need Purchase Finance • Commercial Loans • childbed Finance • Syndicate Loans • Retail Loans • mortgage Loans †¢ Loan against Share and Securities • Account Opening outgrowths: flavor 1 | | | |The account should be properly introduced by Any one of the following: | | |An existing Current Account holder of the Bank. | | |Officials of the Bank not down the stairs the rank of an Assistant officer. | | |A right person of the locality well know to the Manager/Sub-Manager of the Branch bear on. | | note 2 | | | |Receiving fill up up finishing in bank’s visit form mentioning what type of account is desired to be | | |opened. |Step 3 | | | |The form is filled up by the applicant himself / herself | | |Two copies of passport size photographs from individual are taken, in case of firms photographs of all | | |partners are taken | | |Applicants must submit required documents | | | lotion must sign specimen signature sheet and give statute | | |Introducer’s signature and accounts number †affirm by sanctioned officer | |Step 4 | | | |Authorized Officer accepts the application | |Step 5 | | | |Minimum balance is deposited †only cash is accepted | |Step 6 | | | |Account is opened and a Cheque book and pay-in-slip book is given | Account Sections: Daily function: The spell daily tasks of the accounts department are as follows: 1. Recording the daily transactions in the cash book 2. Recording the daily transactions in general and ancillary ledgers 3. Preparing the daily position of the branch comprising of deposit and cash 4.Preparing the daily record of personal business showing all the assists and liability of the branch as per ledger and subsidiary leader separately. 5. Making stipend of all expenses of the Branch 6. Recording inters branch fund transfer and providing accounting treatment in this regard. 7. Checking whether all the vouchers are correctly passed to ensure the shape with the Activity Report; if otherwise do it correct by calling the several(prenominal) official to rectify the voucher. 8. Recording of the vouchers in the Voucher Register 9. Packing of the correct vouchers harmonize to the debit voucher and the credence voucher. Periodical Tasks: The routine periodical tasks performed by the department are as follows. 1. Preparing the monthly salary affirmations for the employees 2.Publishing the basic data of the branch 3. Preparing the hebdomadal position for the branch this is sent to the Head Office to maintain pull back Reserve requirement 4. Preparing the monthly position for the branch, this is sent to the Head office to maintain statuary liquidity requirement. 5. Preparing the weekly position for the branch comprising of the break up of sector wise deposit, point of reference and so on 6. Preparing the weekly position for the branch comprising of the denomination wise statement of cash in tills. 7. Preparing the cypher for the branch by fixing the target regarding profit and deposit so as to take necessary steps to general and mobilize deposit 8.Preparing an Extract which is a abstract of all the transactions of the Head Office account with the branch to reconcile all the transaction held among the accounts of all the branches. General Account: General account is important one, which has to be maintained by each branch. and so general account is are record of Oregonian and responding transactions among inter- branches of the same bank. All types of assets and liabilities of one branch with another one are settled through this account. Branch can know how much the bank is liable with Head Office. The debit and character balance shows assets and liabilities of the respective branch. Statement or Affairs:Accounts section prepares the statement of affairs for finding the profit/ loss as well as amount of assets and liabilities of concerned branch per day Theoretically, it is called financial statement and has tow parts: 1. Income and Expenditure Account 2. Statement of Assets and Liabilities amortization and Depreciation: Amortization is the allocation of the cost of an intangible asset to expense for example, prepaid disbursement, prepaid policy and good will etc Amortization memorial is determined by the decision of management. geological formation: This section deals with employees salary, much type of internal expenses such as purchase of pen, paper equipment, machinery and payment of labor Cost and employee conveyance. In cause of leave of absence employee collects ordained from this section. LOANS AND ADVANCES part Introduction:Banking is essentially a business dealing organization with money and mention like all other business activates. Banks are profit-oriented organization. A bank invites its find many ways to earn more and more profit and most of its income is derived from loans and turn ups. Bank makes loans and advances to traders, Businesspersons, industrialists and many other persons against trade protection measures of some cautions policy and sound lending principle in the matter of lending. EXIM Bank is a l ending bank in loans and advances and it grant loans in various sectors especially in industry, trade and commerce. Types of loans and advances: There may be different types of loans and advance given from the commercial banks such as EXIM Bank Ltd. Of our country.Loans and advances may be in the following types: 1. Cash credit 2. Overdraft 3. House mental synthesis loan (General and Staff) 4. Transportation (Car) loan (only for major(postnominal) supply) 5. Consumer credit Scheme 6. Loan against import Merchandise (LIM) 7. Loan Bills purchases Documentary (LBPD) 8. Loan against Other Securities (LAOS) 9. bound Loan sketch Idea about the different types of loans and advance: Cash recognition (CC): Cash credit is an formation by which the customer is allowed to borrow May up to a concept limit. This permanent arrangement and the customers need not to draw the sanctioned amount of money at a time. The borrower can draw the money when required.The borrower can put back any surp lus, amount, which he/she may he affect frequently. Intersect is charged only to the amount with drawn and not he whore amount sanctioned cash credit arrangement is usually divide into two ways such as: 1. Cash credit pledge 2. Cash credit hypothecation Cash credit entry salute: In case of cash credit pledge possession of the goods dealings to bank and ownership of the of the goods belongs to borrower and bank the possessions of the goods as primary security. The goods storied in go down under lock and key by direct supervision of the bank. If the borrower wants to sell any potion of the pledged goods he/she permission of bank with returning the value of the loan amount.It is thus regarded as the most secured type of advance. Cash Credit hypothecation: In case of cash Credit hypothecation possession of the goods not transferred to the bank and therefore such and advance is no better than a clean loan, such an advance can thus only be granted to a person in whose integrity the bar ked has full trustfulness cash credit in the form of Hypothecation is normally accompanied with mortgagee of immovable properties. The pray/ borrower possesses the lock and key of the down. The formalness of opening cash Credit: There intending cash credit holder should submit the following documents and being fill up properly: 1. Stock repot, rend receipt 2. Trade license 3.Up to date income impose clearings certificate 4. Charge documents 5. earn of pertinacity 6. Letter of arrangement 7. DP (Demand Promissory) note 8. Letter of guarantee 9. Letter lien 10. Limit sanction advice 11. Non-Encumbrance Certificate observing the documents the bank authority prepares a cc proposal from that contains the following information: 1. constitution of business 2. Banking with EXIM 3. Transition with CD account by the client 4. Allied deposit with SB/STD account. 5. Number of adjustment (s) how many times the CC holder made his/her Account nil that means debit balance equal to credit bala nce. 6. recycle it is ration of total credit plus to the limit.If the ratio is Higher it is better from bankers points of view. 7. plait over in the account 8. By the encasement authority the bank holds the power to encase the FDR the encasement authority at any time in case borrowers failure to repay the loan amount with interest in due time. base in the above-mentioned information the dealing officer of the loans and advances department prepares recommendation about the prospect of granting the CC loan to the client. Overdraft: Overdraft is an arrangement betwixt the banker and the customer by which the letter is allowed to withdraw over his/her credit balance in the current account up to an agree limit.The borrower is permitted for draw and repays any number of times, provided he total amount overdrawn window pane not exceeds the agreed limit. Here the interest is charged only for the amount draw back over the limit. Not for the whole amount. Overdraft is divided into tow c ategories: ¦ Secured overdraft (SOD) ¦ Temporary overdraft (TOD) Secured overdraft: It is allowed against the full security (i. e. FDR, ICB unit Certificates). Temporary Overdraft: It is allowed to the customer for a very short period of time. But EXIM bank deals only secured overdraft. Car Loans: This is a special type of loan, which is only provided for the staff of EXIM Bank.Usually AVP and above level officers get this kind facility. This loan is reimbursed on instrument terms and repayable after each month. House Building loan (General and Staff): General house building loan is providing into two sectors: ¦ generally ¦ Staff Naturally house building loan is paid for the construction of commercial building, and owners etc, procedures for sanctioning house- building loan as follows:- ¦ performance for sectioning loan ¦ Application properly filled up for credit facilities supplied by the bank. ¦ Personal net worth statement each director ¦ Enquiry form R equired papers for sanctioning HB loan: ¦ Copy of general power of attorney ¦ Copy of material certificate Copy of engineers estimate ¦ Copy of intercommunicate cash flow Loan (General): In case of loan the banks sanction some of money for a certain period of time. The enter amount is one time disbursement and paid in cash or credit loan A/C. The interest is charged on full sanctioned amount @16%. The bank generally sanctions loan to establish industry. These types of loan are granted for capital expenditure such as purchase of land, constriction of factory building, purchase of new machinery and modernization of plant. The borrower cannot withdraw this type of loan once repaid in full or in part again. Formalities for extending project loan: Loan application form:After receiving the loan application from the borrower the branch scrutinizes the application whether it is viable or not. Loan application from contains the following particulars amongst other detail below:  ¦ Particular description of the Project. ¦ Nature of the Project ¦ Detail information about the borrower ¦ Statements of assets and liabilities of the borrower with resolution ¦ Detail information about proposed products, machinates and workforce etc ¦ Project cost and source of fund. ¦ securities industry for the proposed project. Feasibility report: This report is provided by the borrower, which includes the following looks of the project: ¦ Marketing aspect ¦ Technical aspect financial aspect ¦ Managing aspect ¦ Socio-economic aspect 1) Classification Procedure 1.Categories of Loans- At first all loans and advances will be grouped into quad categories for the purpose of classification, such as- (a) Continuous Loans (b) Demand Loans (c) quick-frozen Term Loans and (d) Short Term and Agriculture & Micro Credit. (a) Continuous Loans : The loan A/C in which transaction may be made within a certain limit and have an outcome date for full adjus tment will be treated as continuous loan. Exp CC, OD etc. (b) Demand Loans: The loan that becomes repayable by the party on demand by his bank will be treated as demand loans. If any contingent or any other liabilities are turned into laboured loan will also be treated as demand loan. Exp. LIM, PAD, FBP, IBP etc. (c) Fixed Term Loans: The loan which is repayable with in the specific time period under a pacific refund schedule will be treated as Fixed Term Loans. d) Short Term Agriculture & Micro Credit: Short Term unsophisticated Credit will be as per list issued by boorish Credit and alter Programmers Department (ACSPD) of Bangladesh Bank under the Agricultural Credit Programmed. Credit in the Agricultural sector repayable within 1(one) year will also be include herein. Short Term Micro Credit includes any micro credit not exceeding TK. 25,000. 00 and repayable within 12 months. 2) Basis for Loan Classification: (A) Objective Criteria (1) Past due/ over due: In this point we saw four factors those are; a) Any continuous loan if not repaid / renewed within the frozen dying date for repayment be treated as past times due/ overdue from the following day of the going date. ny demands loan if not repaid/ rescheduled within the stubborn outcome date will be treated as past due/ overdue from the following day of the loss date. b) In case any facility of a pertinacious term loan (repayable within fives) is not repaid within the fixed expiry date, the amount of unpaid installing will be treated as past due/ overdue (defaulted instilment) from the following day of the expiry date of the particular installment. c) Incase of any installment or part installment of a Fixed Term Loan (repayable over five years) is not repaid within the fixed expiry date, the amount of unpaid installment will be treated as past due/ overdue after 6(six) months of the expiry date of that particular installment. ) The Short Term Agriculture & Micro Credit if not repaid within the fixed expiry date for repayment will be considered as past due/ over due (defaulted instilment) after 6(six) month of the expiry date. (B) qualitative Judgment; If any uncertainty or doubt arises in respect of recuperation of any continuous, Demand or Term Loans the same will have to be separate as Sub- Standard or Doubtful or Bad/ Loss. Considering the sexual morality of the A/C on the primer coat of qualitative creative thinker be it classified or not on the root of objective criteria. The Bank will illuminate on the basis of qualitative judgment and can be- classify loans if qualitative improvement does occur.But if a loan classified by Bangladesh Bank inspection Team, the same can be de- classified with the cheering of the bestride of Directors of the Banks. CIB Report: Before making credit report to the head office the lending branch takes the credit information to the borrower from the CIB (credit Information Bureau) of Bangladesh Bank and other financial i nstitutions. For obtaining this report the branch sends Inquiry form to CIB duly filled in particulars of the borrower. The report id divided into 5 segments. Project appraisal: It is the reinvestment analysis do by Banker before a project is approved. Project appraisal in the Banking sector is needed for following reasons: ¦To ensue repayment of the Bank finance To achieve the organisational goals ¦To establish industrialists in a country. The main tasks of the project appraisal is to justify the firmness of purpose of an investment by the Banker by means of a capital and systematic of the different elements of the Project For this purpose Banks use two types of analysis: ¦ lending encounter Analysis (LRA) ¦Spread Sheet Analysis (SSA) Lending danger analysis: Lending risk analysis is modern methodologies, which describes how to access the risks that are inherent any credit reference work and how to access the likelihood that the customer will repay a loan. The LRA form contains 16 pages to analysis different categories of Risks.The Financial Sector Reform project introduces the lending Risk analysis format in 1993. LRA is a standardize format for analyzing the credit justice of a borrower and the likelihood that the borrow will repay. Bangladesh bank issued a letter number BCD (p) 611/13/290 dated 17-07-1994, which now makes it required for the commercial Banks to implement the LRA approach to credit analysis prior to extending credit facilities to a Borrower. The modern concept of lending is purpose and production oriented and not security oriented. The emphasis should be given not any security rather on he likelihood of repayment, the credit honor of the customer soundness and viability of the business etc. Lending PrinciplesThe Principle of lending is a collection of certain accepted time tested standards, which ensure the proper use of Investment fund in a profitable way and its timely recovery. diverse authors describe different pri nciples for sound lending. 1. synthetic rubber 2. Security 3. Liquidity 4. Adequate sanction 5. Diversity Process of Investment |Heads |Characteristics | |Application |Applicant applies for the Investment in the prescribed form of the bank describing the types | | |and purpose of Investment. | empowerment |Collecting credit information about the applicant to determine the credit worthiness of the | | |borrower. Sources of information | | |Personal Investigation, Confidential Report from other bank, Head Office/Branch/Chamber of | | |Commerce. | | |CIB ( of import Information Bureau) report from Central Bank. | | |Evaluation of compliance with its lending policy. | | |Evaluating the proposed security. | | |LRA is must for the Investment exceeding one crore †as ordered by Bangladesh Bank. | |If everything is in treaty the Investment is sanctioned | |Documentation |Then bank prepare a Investment proposal which contains terms and conditions of Investment for | | |approval of H . O. or Manager. | | |Takes the necessary papers and signatures from borrower | | spending |An Investment Account is opened. Where customer | | |A/C—————————————————————————————Dr. | | |Respective Investment A/C —————————————-Cr. |FOREIGN EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT Introduction: One of the largest businesses carried out by the commercial bank is foreign trading. The trade among various countries fills for close link between the parties dealing in trade. The situation calls for expertness in the field of foreign exchange operations. The bank, which provides such operations refereed to as rive international Banking operation. Mainly trisections with overseas countries are respects of import, export and foreign remittance come under the preview of foreign exchange transaction, and international trade demands a flow of goods from seller to buyer of payment from buyer to seller.In this case the Bank plays a vital role to bridge between the buyer and seller. Foreign Exchange implement in Flow Chart: gross sales/Purchase trim back Issues L/C Forward Forward documents Makes payment Makes payment Foreign Exchange department of EXIM Bank is department of all departments. This department handles various types of activates by three separate sections: 1. Import Section 2. Export section 3. Foreign Remittance. Import Section: The functions are of the section is mainly to deal with various components such as ¦ Letter of Credit (L/C) ¦ pay against Document (PAD) ¦ Payment against Trust recognize (PTR) ¦ Loan against Imported Merchandise (LIM) Letter of Credit (L/C): Definition:A letter of credit can be defined as an arrangement where in a Bank Guarantee on behalf of these customers to make payments to the beneficiary upon presentation of documents specified in the credit. Parties involved in L/C: Opener/ Buyer/Importer: The person who opens the L/C is cognize as opener/ buyer/importer of the L/C. The buyer and the seller conclude a sales contract providing for payment by nonsubjective credit. 0pening Bank: The Bank issuing the L/C in favor of exporter is known as opening Bank. The opening bank opens L/C on request of importer according to application of the importer. Advising Bank: The Bank through L/C is advised their operator (correspondent Bank) abroad.The duty of the advising Bank is to authenticate the communicate so that is to the seller can act on it without any fear of forgery etc. Beneficiary: Seller and exporter in whose favor the L/C are opened. The beneficiary is normally the seller of good who receive payment under documentary credit. If has compiled with terms and conditions thereof. Negotiating Bank: The Bank that is authorized to handle (purchase) the documents under the L/C in the exporting country is known as negotiating Bank. L/C will stipulate either a notified bank to negotiate (restricted L/C) or any bank can negotiate in the seller’s country (unrestricted L/C). Reimbursing Bank: The Bank that is (by the L/C issuing Bank) to effect reimbursement is known as reimbursing bank.Reimbursing Bank authorized to honor the reimbursement claims in settlement of negotiation/ accepting/ payments lodged with its by the paying/ negotiating/ accepting Bank. Confirming Bank: A Confirming Bank is one which adds the guarantee to the credit opened by another bank. Therese undertaking the responsibility of payment/ negotiating/ acceptance under the credit in addition to that of the issuing Bank. A positively charged Bank normally does so it put across by the issuing Bank. Types of L/C: †Revocable/ irrevocable L/C †Confirmed/ unconfirmed L/C. †transportable L/C †Back to back L/C †Acceptance L/C †Revolving L/C †flushed cla use L/C †fountain close L/C The EXIM Bank basically deals with irrevocable L/c. which can not be amended or cancelled by the issuing Bank at any moment and without prior to the beneficiary.It also deals back to back L/C, which is the letter of credit, provided by the exporter to the import the raw materials from abroad in order to produce the exportable commodity for the importer. Procedures for opening L/C: Application for opening L/C: An importer who is desirous to import goods from foreign country will apply Issuing Bank for opening a L/C. The importer will provide an application mentioning the following aspects: 0 Full particulars of applications Bank account. 0 Types of business 0 Historical cathode-ray oscilloscope 0 center of required L/C limit 0 Amount of L/C margin. 0 Term of payment 0 Name of trade goods 0 Repayment schedule and source of fund Document schedule and source of fund.An importer or L/C opener has to submit the following documents 0 Application from (p rovided by the Bank) 0 Import adaptation certificate 0 Pro-forma invoice 0 Four sets of IMP from 0 Insurance cover not 0 vat registration number 0 Tex registration number 0 Letter of credit authorization form Examination for opening L/C: Application must be carefully checked by the concerned officer considering the facts mentioning below: ? The terms and conditions of L/C applications are accordant with exchange control and import trade resolution UCPDC 500. ?Illegibility of imported goods ?The L/C must be opened in favor of importer ?That is signed by the importer and agreed with the terms and conditions. Indenting registration number ?Goods are not of Israel and vassals to be used are not of Israel ? Insurance cover note with date of shipment. ?Whether RC is up to date or not ?Whether IMP form is duly filled up and singed ?The imported goods are marketable After scrutinizing all thee legal aspects necessary entry is given to the margin register and charge, commission and margin in realized. Transmitting the L/C: The L/C is transmitted to the advising Bank for advising the L/C to he beneficiary. L/C is generally transmitted through tested Telex of Fax. Before transmission of utmost examination of the L/C confine is\r\n'

'Indonesian Economy: Asia Pulp and Paper\r'

'Ind mavinsian deliverance Asia human body and stem A concise outline analysis of APP mission , imaging and dodging Indonesian Economy Asia physical body and physical composition A short strategy analysis of APP mission , vision and strategy Summary Introduction2 I. order e genuinelyplaceview3 II. APP’s monetarys, surroundings issues and mattel4 1. APP’s fiscals 2. Environment issues 3. Mattel III. The ch altoge in that respectnges and recomanded strategy7 1. The ch onlyeges 2. Recommandations IV. APP, a alliance to take care9 endpoint10 References Introduction\r\nCorporate administration refers to the catch of the firm, its ownership structure, and the dis pulley quality. It was widely discussed in relation to the Asian crisis in 1997-98, beca physical exertion piteous firm performance was assumed to be related to bad corporate constitution . In particular, the East Asian stinting model was said to reveal a â€Å"crony capitalism”, with the presence of many family- pull strings take collections, a high ownership concentration, a weak public goernance, and poor monitor of bank loans .\r\nThe group Asia Pulp & antiophthalmic factor; Paper (APP) expand impressively in the nineties and became the largest slop and wall written report acquirer in Asia outside Japan, and one of the snarf ten producers in the world. It attracted induceors from all over the world in a condition of â€Å"Asian miracle”, and beca character reference the giant form mill or so built in Indonesia were assumed to produce at the lowest toll in the world .\r\nSurprisingly, the group announce a debt standstill on $13 one one million million million million million in 2001, the largest default for a esoteric group in an emerging bucolic At the same time, it was revealed that the industrial capacities had expanded at a a lot winged pace than the lumber plantations, thus representing a high risk that military operations wou ld non be sustainable. Available studies showed the app arent want of demythologizedity in the decisions of the group, and the critical bunk it faces from some(prenominal) financial and wood hang on points of view.\r\nHowever, an some other explanation would be much convincing, which is found on the very rational behaviour of the ultimate owners of the group. This rationality existence related to their force: to increase their control of the decisions and accounts compared to their direct financial coronation fundss, to finance the working out mainly with debts in order to overturn their own risks and to maximize their short-term profits, ,to profit from a escaped public brass place setting and a free admission price to natural forests for supplying fiber to the bod mills.\r\nAPPs trajectory has not been clean of obstacles , so with the tools provided by the theory strategy and organizational treatment we ‘re going to look for to find the « good  » way to manage that company . This is important because APPs default has attracted much attention so far, and the resolution of the cheek leave impact on the willingness of foreigners to invest back in Indonesia. I. political party overview Asia Pulp and Paper (APP) has its roots in 1972, when the company Tjiwi Kimia was founded by Eka Tjipta Widjaja as a atomic caustic soda manufacturer.\r\nIn 1978, Tjiwi Kimia commenced piece production of 12,000 wads/year. In declination 1976, Indah Kiat was formed as a knock venture between CV Berkat (an Indonesian company), Chung Hwa Pulp lodge and Yuen Foong Yu Paper Manufacturing Company Ltd. from Taiwan. In April 1979 Indah Kiat Tangerang mill’s Paper weapon 1 and 2 started with a production of 100 tons/day of wood free penning. By adjoin 1984 Indah Kiat Perawang mill’s Pulp Machine 1 started producing bleached hardwood kraft glop with an initial qualification of 250 tons/day.\r\nIn May 1986 Sinar Mas root word acquired 67% of Indah Kiat’s total shares. Chung Hwa and Yuen Foong Yu had 23% and 10% shares respectively. In 1987 the first cast coating machine installed at Tjiwi Kimia, and in April 1990 Tjiwi Kimia was listed on the capital of Indonesia and Surabaya Stock Exchange. In 1991 Tjiwi Kimia’s PM 9 started operation with an yearbook capacity of 207,000 tons. The following year Indah Kiat acquired PT Sinar Dunia Makmur, a manufacturer of industrial composition fit(p) in Serang with a 2. roduction capacity of 900 tons/day. jiwi Kimia commissioned the Carbonless Paper Plant in March 1993, an experiment The company Pindo delicatessen under control of APP in Feb. 1994, and by 1997 its give-and-take base publisher machine #8 and #9 would both have begin operation with production capacity of 240,000 tons per year. In 1998, report card machine #11 started wind production in Pindo Deli with annual production capacity of 400,000 tons started to operate. APP-China began inv estment gillyflowers in China in 1992, with an fury on the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas.\r\nAPP-Chinas shape and base mills now include Ningbo Zhonghua, princelyeast Paper, Ningbo Asia, Gold Huasheng, Gold Hongye, and Hainan Jinhai Pulp and Paper. APP-China was registered in capital of Singapore in October 1994. APP-China employs over 37,000 people and created 5,000 overbold jobs in 2009 II. APP’S Financials, Environment issues and Mattel 1. APP’s financials Growth of the pulp and topic perseverance in Indonesia mainly came from leverage, which drove returns on equity ever higher. International financial institutions had played a central section in supplying the finances for APP. Its assets come US$17. billion, of which shareholders had financed 25 per cent (the some important shareholders being the Widjaja family, and the American fund managers, Franklin Templeton Investments and Capital Group), bondholders 38 per cent and banks 20 per cent. Over 300 fo reign financial institutions, including many leading financial institutions (e. g. , investment banks in the U. S. , The Netherlands, Switzerland and Germany) and export credit agencies were among those intemperately involved in providing and guaranteeing this finance over the 10 years prior to 2001. Among the head-to-head financial institutions were Barclays Bank,\r\nNatWest, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, Credit Suisse first gear Boston, Goldman Sachs, Franklin Templeton, Capital Group, Merrill Lynch, Bank of America, Deutsche Bank, ABN Amro and Bank of China. The use of financial â€Å"mark-up” practices †that is, the artificial inflation of the cost of an investment project †had allowed some pulp and paper products to secure much big mensurations of financing for their projects than they actually needed. In fact, financial institutions queued up to invest in the Indonesian pulp and paper companies because they perceived that they had a free-enterprise(a) advan tage collectible to their entree to cheap raw material resources.\r\nThe speckle turned difficult for APP in April 2001 when it announced that it had failed to include a US$220 million loss on two cash swap contracts in its financial statements, promptly followed by an official announcement that earliest financial statements for 1997 to 1999 â€Å"should not be relied upon”. A confidential 2,000-page report from KPMG released in July 2001 listed dubious transactions and accounting entries made in 1999 and 2000 by APP’s 4 Indonesian entities, and noted $1. 6 billion in provisions for doubtful debts, reclassification of receivables as salutary as a $672 million in derivative losses from various APP units. occasion(a) transactions, including $457 million in guarantees for non-APP companies, brought the total amount in the â€Å"questionable” category to $4. 41 billion. 2. Environment issues APP-China invested over 300 million RMB in environmental conserv ation facilities and activities in 2009 alone, and had invested over 5 billion RMB in environmental protection by 2009. APP-China hunting lodge 2009 overly achieved 100% treatment of its square(p) waste from its six study pulp and paper mills.\r\nAPP-China was honored in 2009 with the â€Å" demo of Contribution to down(p) Carbon stage business (Multinational Corporation)” at the first meeting of the Low Carbon Forum hosted by the discipline committee of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultatative Committee (CPPCC) and the China Association for Science and Technology. APP-China also received the â€Å" yard China C deoxyadenosine monophosphateaign-2009 scientific Development of plant Plantation redundant introduce” by the China Green Foundation and the State Bureau of Forestry, burden for Economic Development Research.\r\nFurther, APP-China received the â€Å"2009 scientific Forest Plantation Development Award” by the China Green Times. In November 2007, Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) decided to rescind the rights of APP to use their logo, following pressure from other FSC Stakeholders, and a new policy approach by FSC Board of Directors. A investigation make in March 2008 by an environmental coalition called Eyes on the Forest showed evidence of a new passage built by APP, heading with the K ampar peninsula, one of the worlds largest contiguous tropical peat souse forests, with more carbon per hectare than any other ecosystem on Earth.\r\nThe investigation found tracks on the new road of the critically imperil Sumatran tiger, whose wild population has been reduce to less than 500 individuals. APP claimed that it was building this state-of-the-art, paved highway for the benefit of the local communities, though satellite imagery shows that the road does not go anywhere near the two settlements. 3. Mattel\r\nOn June 8, 2011, Greenpeace launched â€Å"Barbie, Its Over”, an international execute criticising Mattel s use of Asia Pulp & Papers products in its incase, particularly in its line of Barbie products. deep down two days of the campaigns start, Mattel ordered its packaging suppliers to stop buying from Asia Pulp & Paper pending an investigation into Greenpeaces deforestation allegations, and further ordered its suppliers to report on how they source materials.\r\nAsia Pulp ; Paper welcomed Mattels response, believe that Mattels investigation would conclude that its â€Å"packaging materials are more than 95% recycled paper sourced from around the world. ” On October 5, 2011, Greenpeace announced that Mattel stated that it would no longer purchase pulp and paper products from Asia Pulp ; Paper due to the cause that its logging practices had on the Sumatran tiger population III. Challenges and recommanded strategy 1. The challenges The Strategy Group has identified many substantial challenges face up the ndustry, including: * loss of demand for its products due to th e consequences of the world-wide financial crisis in late 2008 and beforehand(predicate) 2009 * increased consumer and business use of digital communications, resulting in a slowing of the step-up in consumption of paper-based communication, including tidingspapers * increased controversy from cheaper imports, often using reference from unsustainable sources, resulting in an uneven international playing field of operations * projected shortages in available wood-based fibre to provide feedstock for existing pulp and paper facilities, especially due to limits on whole step plantation establishment * escalating costs of describe sedulousness in arrogates, especially electricity, and limitations on the ability of the attention to capitalise on its unlearned energy generation capability * take aim of investment has been lowâ€those mills wanting(p) investment are facing closure while others which have continued or increased investment have plough automated and more effi cient * he growth of China, India and other emerging economies such as Indonesia, which is significantly altering the traditional supply and demand dynamics for paper products * the low take of R;D by Australia’s pulp and paper companies affecting the level of blueprint and international competitiveness they can achieve * presidency and community responses to climate change, affecting all industries in Asia, including the pulp and paper attention 2. Recommandations Recommendations can be grouped into four study themes: innovation, investment, sustainability and productivity. The first recommendation is sound to the entire strategy and stretches across all four themes. It deals with the government’s allegiance to the semipermanent viability of the pulp and paper industry in Asia and its workers.\r\nAsian government( China, Japan, Singapour,indnesia) make a fresh public statement funding the value and long-term viability of the Asian pulp and paper industry, r ecognising the industry’s payload to good environmental outcomes and its key role in the provision of economic and complaisant opportunities for thousands of Asian, many in vulnerable regional communities. Innovation A Pulp and Paper sedulousness Innovation Council shloud be schematic and appropriately funded to build a finishing of innovation in the industry. The Innovation Council will recognise Asian’s competitive strengths in fibre production, product innovation and renewable energy, and focus on long-term issues facing the industry. Investment The asian Government establish a plantation investment model that delivers the re-establishment and refinement of timber plantations to back up existing processing industries or led to the creation of new processing industries in asia . Sustainability\r\nThe Australian Government work with industry to indorse internationally recognised forest certification schemes (including the Indonesian Forestry Standard, the Prog ramme for the mug of Forest Certification and the Forest Stewardship Council’s certification scheme) that provide for legal and sustainable forest management which ensures transparency, accountability and ball-shaped and local consistency of application. Productivity Noting the significant price increases associated with the exercise of source dietstuff power in the National electrical energy Market, the Ministerial Council on Energy should rush efforts to improve competition in the in large quantities electricity market, including by increasing penalties and stupefyment rule changes to limit the exercise of generator market power. The Asian Government should support workforce planning and development initiatives that defend future economic opportunities for the pulp and paper industry and its workforce. IV. APP, a company to watch\r\nAPP is a company more in the news than not, and for some good reasons; it has a easy known plan to be the Number 1 pulp and paper co mpany in the world; it operates in one of the â€Å"hottest” regions, Indonesia, when it comes to the NGOs focus on deforestation and climate change; it has a strategy of organic growth that includes the installation of the biggest and very best and in pulp and paper technology: and a strategy of predacious growth that will probably put it firmly in the RISI headline news stakes even more regularly next year. With its bold mission to be the number 1, APP is going to have still another tough year in 2011 as it comes under even close together(predicate) scrutiny regarding its forestry and plantation operations in Indonesia.\r\nIndeed 2010 saw a ramping up of NGO activity aimed against the company, particularly from Greenpeace, in which it published a serial of reports set off alleged environmental transgressions, as well as naming some of the major brands around the world that were buying the companys products. APP in return commissioned a series of independent reports, i ncluding one by former Greenpeace founder Dr Patrick Moore, refuting the allegations. But perhaps the veritable reason this company is one of our fivesome to Watch for next year is its plain unstoppable progress, with new expansions in both pulp and paper too legion(predicate) to mention, including the start up of the worlds biggest okay paper machine located on Hainan Island, China.\r\n oneness of the main areas of interest is where all the fine paper that APP is producing is going to go as duties have now been imposed in both the US and Europe on fine paper coming in from China. Duties are also now being talked about in Brazil and India as anti-dumping fears in those countries come to the fore. Another major development on the horizon is APPs assertive acquisition strategy abroad through and through its subsidiary Paper Excellence based in Holland which has already seen it buy up four pulp mills, two in France and two in Canada. Could we see APP fashioning an acquisition of a major European or US pulp or paper company in 2011? Conclusion APP’s trajectory since the early 1990s has been very impressive for several reasons.\r\n stress at first on Indonesia to develop a pulp and paper conglomerate in order to become one of the top ten producers in the world, the group achieved its objective owing to very lax attitudes on the part of investors both from Indonesia and abroad. The context of the early and mid 1990s, with the so-called ‘Asian miracle’ and the Indonesian government’s official policy of pushing industries with a clear export-oriented stance, and the availability of huge forest areas for conversion, permitted the inordinately fast expansion of APP’s capacity. This expansion has been mainly based on debts, either through bond issuance or bank loans. In conclusion, Asia Pulp & Paper seems to illustrate the theories saying that the remainder between ownership and control through pyramid structures correspon ds to poor corporate governance and leads to lower firm performance. References â€Å"Why a ‘Green Logo May Mean Little,” protect Street Journal, 30 Oct 2007 * New APP enter Road Threatens One of World’s Biggest Carbon-Storing Forests, Tigers; Eyes on the Forest, March 2008 * record Road Threatens Rare Peat Dome, Tigers * Peoples Daily Online †Forestry regime charges Singaporean paper giant with vile logging * Asia Times Online :: Southeast Asia news and business from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam * a b FSC rules in upheaval after green groups level accusations at APP | printweek. com | Latest Print Industry News, Jobs, Features, Product Reviews, Used Printing and packaging Machinery * FT. com / Home UK / UK †The usefulness of scholarships and tigers * Ethical Corporation: Archive †APP decision a â€Å" boundary” for China’s environmentalists * http://www. rainforest-alliance. rg/forestry/documents/ap p. pdf * wikipedia * APP ‘ s yearly report 2010 , from www. freereport. com * http://www. ppimagazine. com/ppiissue/ ——————————————†[ 1 ]. Sumatran Tiger incident : During late July 2011 Greenpeace revealed images and footage on their website that showed a critically endangered Sumatran tiger. This tiger had become trapped by an savage snare at the edge of an APP concession, and had been there for at least seven days, without food or water. Attempts to tranquilise and rescue the tiger failed due to its poor condition of health. APP denied any responsibility, despite reports to the contrary.\r\n'

'Prejudice and Discrimination Essay\r'

'Analytical Factsheet on loss & Discrimination on categorize Inequality theatrical role 1: termination nominater Summary This essay is ab push through preconceived notion and discrimination occurring in Singapore mise en scene to target Class discrimination. This essay volition excessively manoeuvre reasons to why eruptrage and discrimination occurs and the effects of much(prenominal) shabbiness whoremonger cause to the confederacy. In this faux pas studies possible mea reliables and solutions provideing be highlighted and suggested. Section 2: The issues and who be involved.\r\nThis essay leave behind discuss the discrimination against unusual casters gushning(a) in Singapore. I will be elaborating on how class discrimination has unfortunate impacts on society on frugal level and social levels. I particularize contrary reverseers as a chemical group of minority that come from different countries to work in Singapore. According to the 2009 Singapo re yearbook of manpower Statistics, 37. 6% of Singapore’s population argon do up of conflicting workers (1. 1 million %). This proves that unconnected workers are an authorised component of our beat back force.\r\n(Construction (70. 7%), followed by manufacturing (46. 8%) and do (28. 9%) sectors. ) The reason why I chose this topic is that knowing that this group of muckle had contributed to the country’s growth, yet they c drop away up suffer from social variation and it is an important to address much(prenominal) issues and to understand what leads to such prejudice and discrimination against them. The common stereotypes of foreign workers are they are dirty, hurt u adjoiningthly body odour, lack of proper hygiene, creates hindrance in admit areas.\r\nThey tend to verbalize loudly, creating a lot of noise and cosmos responsible for the crime rates in Singapore. (The passing play Times Nov 2007 they eat, litter, get drunk, urinate, eternal rest a nd still fight,) They are also assort as worthless people, cheap labour, be lecherous and not very considerably educated, and people with ill intension. These stereotypes then adopt into prejudices and discrimination and people tend to gestate such information because it is consistent with their stereotypes spot dismissing contradictory information.\r\nHaving such stereotypes, people will tend to avoid and be loath to mingle with this group of people. For example in the case of the dormitory existence setup for a group of foreign workers near the Serragoon gardens issue, it has brought about a big fiasco. Residences were brainsick about the safety and security in the neighbourhood. Working in a foreign country somehow shows that they are shortsighted, in need of money and thereof creating an ideal that they wouldn’t hesitant to break in into houses to steal.\r\n(CNA October 3rd 2008 Dormitory decision upsets some Sera goon Gardens residents) It clearly shows h ow they are universe mistreated by allocating their living quarters next to the cemetery to prevent all social conflict betwixt the topical anaesthetics and these foreigners. (The Online Citizen Nov 2009 friendly closing off †left among the dead) Many of them are being deprived of proper housing conditions where many need to be trounce into a small room. Dormitories provided were usually mischievously facilitated and has very low hygiene standards and others verification at worksite which outhouse be dangerous.\r\n(The Online Citizen family 2009 Special Feature Is Singapore slum Free? ) Unsafe transportations were used to bring these workers to the worksites. Due to these factor outs, resulting in cases where foreign workers’ lives were lose because their welfare and safety weren’t factor in as priority. (Asia unmatchable word of honor the saucy paper June 2010 3 terminal 14 hurt in a la mode(p) crash) This group of people are normally discriminate d by the derogatory name( chinaman, bangala) given to them and being viewed a ‘2nd class citizen’ collectable to the low paid jobs they redeem olibanum having low social status.\r\nAnd because of this they are practically being disrespected, taken for granted and employ in the labour market. (The Online Citizen October 5th 2009 Chinese worker issued with recognize containing vulgarities) Section 3: Why it is important for us to dress down about it? Currently there are laws and regulation in Singapore to foster these foreign workers but much thunder mug be done to improve on the current situation. According to civil society organisation Transient Workers ascertain Too, Ministry of Manpower progress tos out book allows to foreign workers upon their comer in Singapore.\r\nThese booklets regarding the employment act are available in different languages, hotline payoff is also provided for workers to report abuses. But employers and agents, in many cases, confisc ate these leaflets and brochures, thus such informations are unable to reach them. worldly concern endorsement of the exploitation of foreign workers seems to be allow for businesses and ports in Singapore to run 24 hours a day, 7 age a week, 365 days a year on foreigners because the economic market have created an industrial and work culture that requires them to pass judgment conditions that local workers would not agree to.\r\n therefrom businesses are allowed to cut corners by power play foreign workers dry. The restrictive work brook system, which ties foreign workers to a single employer, makes it knotty for them to negotiate for better working conditions let alone higher lucres. Many were shocked to speak up fearing that they might lose their jobs. Returning to their countries is not what they are aspect forward to as many have taken out loans of up to $9000 rightful(prenominal) to work in Singapore.\r\nThese workers have to work for long hours to support their fami lies and to re-pay their debt. press outs that are pen are usually not made clear to the workers. Employers made the contracts solely to shelter their own needs, rather than creating an unbiased race between themselves and their workers. Unions on the other hand are limited to how much they can do to assist and armed service get hold of for better working conditions. When workers are poor and lack legal protection, they are lots willing to work longer hours for demoralise wages.\r\nHence, the reason employers are willing to select foreign workers in favour of local workers is because working conditions of all low wage workers in general are poor to start with. With such social inequality present in a multi racial country, it is important to address these issues in set out to uphold the country’s death to foster good relationship between different groups of people and to maintain a presentable image in the ball-shaped world. Most importantly is to educate and prom ise growth of such sectors should not be made at the expense of these workers’ rights.\r\n be a small country, the effects if a strike will to occur will affect the country drastically, it will just tell foreign investors that we are not strong enough to provide a stable policies for business dealing and human race rights are being abuse thus reflecting drably on Singapore’s reputation. Hence it is important to make sure fair treatment is giving to them. invalidating effects will surface if they contumacious to vacant these jobs and it will definitely give the industries that which employments of foreign workers are high. Section 4: Where can we start to fix the line?\r\nTo tackle the problems of such inequality, by rearing awareness and creating opportunities for interaction is ideal. Giving foreign workers a medium to voice out their opinions is necessary for human rights and the Government should start up sharing sessions with foreign workers where translat ors could be brought in to break down language barriers. To help ease the problem of exploitation, laws which work against bad lodging can be further enforce with stricter consequences. For example, improve living conditions so as basic necessities are provided.\r\n suppress discriminatory behaviours acted towards this minority group, the media can also play a part to show that what dangerous or risky jobs are taken up by them to make our living lifestyle better and to address and give credit to their contributions. In addition, subjects such as civics and moral education can be used to reach out to educate students about discrimination at a younger age. References: 1. The Online Citizen Nov 2009 Social isolation †left among the dead http://theonlinecitizen. com/2009/11/social-isolation-left-among-the-dead/ 2. Asia One News the New paper June 2010 3 death 14 hurt in latest crash http://news.\r\nasiaone. com/News/The+New+Paper/Story/A1Story20100623-223657. hypertext markup lang uage 3. The Online Citizen house 2009 Special Feature Is Singapore pass Free? http://theonlinecitizen. com/2009/09/toc-special-feature-is-singapore-really-slum-free/ 4. Transient Worker Count too http://www. twc2. org. sg/site/newsletters/2008-sept-oct. html 5. The Straits Times Nov 2007 they eat, litter, get drunk, urinate, sleep and even fight, http://www. straitstimes. com/print/Free/Story/STIStory_180230. html 6. The Online Citizen October 5th 2009 Chinese worker issued with receipt containing vulgarities http://theonlinecitizen.com/2009/10/chinese-worker-issued-with-receipt-containing-vulgarities/\r\n7. Fit to Post June twenty-fourth 2010 Recognizing the work and sacrifice of foreign workers http://sg. yfittopostblog. com/2010/06/24/recognising-the-work-and-sacrifice-of-foreign-workers/ 8. The Online Citizen March 6th 2010 Foreign Workers Contract http://theonlinecitizen. com/2010/03/foreign-worker-contracts/ 9. Ministry of Manpower http://www. mom. gov. sg/Pages/default. asp x 10. CNA October 3rd 2008 Dormitory decision upsets some Serragoon Gardens residents http://www. channelnewsasia. com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/380077/1/. html.\r\n'